Overview
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Key numbers
The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:
- and fatty acids (p > 0.20), whereas the calculated intake of mercury was 22% higher in the second food diary; validation study;
- ticipation rate was 52%. Questionnaires were developed in was coded as 0 and missing information about portion size
- tion size (FFQ Interview 1). The questions were, for exam 76% of participants with valid information on diet had
- right-truncating the distribution at the 97.5% percentile categorised into 11 food groups. A total of 65 partici
- energy intake was outside these limits for 4.6% of the age, participants recorded their diet on 7.0 days
- Energy Expenditure (REE) multiplied by an estimated ing of portion sizes was often imperfect and for 34% of
- a food diary, preferably daily over 3 weeks on three tions and means were back transformed for presentation as
- different seasons but if this was not feasible then for as geometric means. In Tables 5 and 6, Spearman’s correlation
- Figure 2. Bland-Altman plot of energy measured in two FFQ surveys 41 months apart. N = 91. Dotted lines are 95% confidence
- Table 2. Calculated intake of energy, macronutrients and diet
- validation study and those who did not (Table 1). The 91 Interview 1 Interview 2 Difference
- participants selected for the validation study were slightly Daily consumption n = 91 n = 91 (%) p*
- (Table 1). Almost all interviews among the 91 selected Carbohydrate (g) 87.4 83.1 −5.0 0.31
- (p = 0.13). The table also shows some minor differences Docosahexaenoic 0.5 0.5 −1.4 0.87
- macronutrients and lipid fractions, whereas the calculated 65 participants with a food diary, the percentage was 81%.
- intake of mercury was higher in FFQ Interview 2 (p = 0.04) In Table 3 the frequency of intake of food categories is
- (Table 2). Analyses separately for men and women, three compared between FFQ Interview 2 and the food diary.
- age-groups and the three locations showed similar The food diaries recorded 38% less meals per month than
- Table 3. Food frequencies in FFQ Interview 2 and the food diary. Meals per month and difference between the two
- the FFQ. In the food diaries, a significantly lower fre Table 5. Spearman’s correlations of food intake with whole
- quency of intake (p < 0.001) was recorded for fruit and blood mercury. N = 1719.
- (not shown in table). The pattern was likewise by and Frequency of fish 0.30 <0.0001 0.22 <0.0001
- large similar in the three communities although both Seal meat (E%) 0.46 <0.0001 0.35 <0.0001
- fruit and vegetables, dairy products and beverages were Marine mammals (E%) 0.50 <0.0001 0.38 <0.0001
- relatively more underreported in the food diary of parti Kalaalimernit (E%) 0.44 <0.0001 0.34 <0.0001
- cipants from Nuuk (not shown in table). Calculated intake of mercury (µg/day) 0.49 <0.0001 0.38 <0.0001
- overreporting in the food diaries (p ≤ 0.001) was than for women (Table 5). For men, the highest correla
- observed for all categories of fruit and vegetables, mammals (ρ = 0.50) followed by calculated intake of
- Most food items recorded in the food diaries (88.8%) the frequency of consumption of marine mammals.
- addition, 10 novel food items were recorded (Table 4) but differed among geographical locations and decreased
- apart from “other vegetables” and eggs in rather small with urbanisation from ρ = 0.47/0.63 (men/women) in
- food and may be used as a biomarker for a marine diet (Table 6). There was an increasing gradient of blood
- (6,7,18). Spearman’s correlations were higher for men mercury from the capital (8.8 µg/l) to the villages (38.1
- Marmalade 50 1.1% low, medium and high consumers (19). However,
- Sauce 37 0.8% blood mercury and tertiles of the sum of marine
- Nuts and seeds 27 0.6% mammals in FFQ Interview 2 was only 0.25
- Other marine mammals 21 0.4%
- Icecream 12 0.3% (p = 0.006), but better than the agreement between
- Fat 4 0.1% blood mercury and tertiles of marine mammals in the
- Total 527 11.2%
- Table 6. Spearman’s correlations of frequency of consumption whereas the food diary was filled in by the partici
- of marine mammals with whole blood mercury according to pants on a daily basis. Overall, 38% more meals were
Methods (brief)
- with portion sizes but not seasonal variation (4). (5) Data was collected from 2016 to 2019 as part of
- a stratified random sample of adults in Greenland, four serving sizes presented to the participants by the
- towns, a random sample of inhabitants aged 15+ years
- was collected by interviews, self-administered question amount consumed was calculated as g per day (frequency
- sized town (Aasiaat) and one village (Attu). In 2022, the
- icologie du Québec/INSPQ (17) by ICP-MS (Inductively
- coupled plasma mass spectrometry) with a detection
- recoded into the 45 food items that were part of the formed values. Other statistical tests included two sample
- the season of interview. Finally, the 65 participants who p* two-sample T-test.
- p* two sample T-test.
- survey 2005-2010. Population sample and survey meth tioner/ernaering-og-kostvaner
Implications
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Update history
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