Association between Prenatal Dietary Toxicants and Infant

Overview

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Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

MedDiet (rMedDiet) score, which ranged from 0 to 18 points, with higher scores signifying
standardized to a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of 15 and for subscales to a mean
than 4% of missing values (32). Subsequently, multiple imputation by fully conditional
exposure. For instance, arsenic (As) had a median exposure of 274.20 µg/d, while inorganic
arsenic (InAs) had a median exposure of 0.05 µg/d. To standardize, we applied a 10-unit
(As and NDL-PCBs), and 0.01-unit and 0.1-unit changes for those with lower means (InAs
fish consumption. The MedDiet score during pregnancy was 9.85 ± 2.46 and the mean
of energy intake was 2041.28 ± 605.77 kcal/day, with higher means for the higher fish
consumption category. The mean serum n-3 PUFA level was 258.36 ± 82.78 µmol/L. No
social classes, the included group had a lower percentage in the low/middle class (80.9%
vs. 86.4%) and a slightly higher percentage in the high class (19.1% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.042).
Table 1. General characteristics of mother and offspring: sociodemographic data, lifestyle, diet, and
Characteristics Total (n = 460) <54 g/d (n = 318) >71 g/d (n = 76)
<25 (normal weight) 276 (60.0%) 200 (62.9%) 37 (56.1%) 39 (51.3%)
Social class, n (%) 0.956
Male 236 (51.3%) 161 (50.6%) 36 (54.5%) 39 (51.3%)
Female 224 (48.7%) 157 (49.4%) 30 (45.5%) 37 (48.7%)
Breastfeeding 339 (73.7%) 229 (72.0%) 51 (77.3%) 59 (77.6%)
Regarding infants, there were 236 (51.3%) males and 224 (48.7%) females. The mean
Table 2 illustrates the daily toxicant intake from fish including As, InAs, Cd, MeHg,
EFSA in Total Sample 54 to 71 g/d (n = 66) (n = 76)
Value # Size (n = 460)
As (µg) 15 µg/kg bw/w 151.37 245.74 (190.58) 366.61 (320.75–406.41) 505.38 (462.21–581.38) <0.001
InAs (µg) 0.3 µg/kg bw/d 21.19 0.04 (0.03) 0.03 (0.02–0.04) ab 0.06 (0.06–0.06) ac 0.08 (0.08–0.10) bc <0.001
Cd (µg) 2.5 µg/kg bw/w 25.23 2.82 (2.77) 2.40 (1.13–3.48) ab 3.81 (2.67–5.49) ac 4.55 (2.42–7.65) bc <0.001
MeHg (µg) 1.3 µg/kg bw/w 13.12 3.82 (2.81) 3.05 (2.05–3.93) ab 5.47 (4.92–6.12) ac 7.88 (6.89–9.09) bc <0.001
Table 3 shows the associations between maternal toxicants intake from fish and lan-
Table 3. Beta-coefficient and 95% confidence interval for the association between maternal toxicants
Table 4 presents the results of multiple linear regression on the association between
the crude or adjusted models (Supplementary Table S2).
Table 4. Beta-coefficient and 95% confidence interval for the association between maternal fish intake
development of 40-day newborns. Table S2: Beta-coefficient and 95% confidence interval for the
1. Miguel, P.M.; Pereira, L.O.; Silveira, P.P.; Meaney, M.J. Early Environmental Influences on the Development of Children’s Brain
1. Peñalver, R.; Pérez-Álvarez, M.D.; Arroyo-Manzanares, N.; Campillo, N.; Viñas, P. Determination of Extractable Pollutants from
Microplastics to Vegetables: Accumulation and Incorporation into the Food Chain. Chemosphere 2023, 341, 140141. (CrossRef)

Methods (brief)

In this study, baseline maternal characteristics were collected through face-to-face
samples were collected at 12th week and 36th week after fasting in 7.5 mL tubes without
samples were conducted simultaneously at the study’s end to minimize batch variation (22).
EFSA in Total Sample 54 to 71 g/d (n = 66) (n = 76)
was estimated by averaging the information collected in a self-administered 45-item or
FFQ collected at weeks 12, 24, and 36 of gestation rather than at a single time-point; (2) The
1. Caspersen, I.H.; Aase, H.; Biele, G.; Brantsæter, A.L.; Haugen, M.; Kvalem, H.E.; Skogan, A.H.; Zeiner, P.; Alexander, J.; Meltzer,

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

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Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised