OPEN ACCESS reconstituting the main

Overview

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Key numbers

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categories overlap, and sometimes, a particular exposure may nearly half of the adult population and 29% of the total population are
describe meaningful individual exposure patterns: gestation, early preventable (8). Although differences in healthcare may partly explain
health (Table 1). regarding exposures and sketch typical French Guiana exposomes in
Daily alcohol (% of population aged 15–75 years) 5 10
Cannabis use during past year (% of population aged 15–64 years) 8 11
exposome) which yielded 747 results. The abstracts were screened by France (12.2% vs. 29.7%, respectively) (9). For alcohol consumption,
MN, and additional references can be found in the bibliography. 35% of French Guianese report drinking weekly, including 5% of daily
Overall, we selected 63 references to support the narrative review. drinkers, levels that are well below those in mainland France (48% of
From the breadth of the available literature and from local weekly drinkers, including 10% of daily drinkers) (9). The major risk
tool; we also created urban/rural or rich/poor distinctions, which French Guiana than in mainland France (25% vs. 41%, respectively)
resulted from the combination of epidemiological studies and local and twice as often in men (34%) relative to women (17%) (9). Drug
expert knowledge. use during the last 12 months concerned 8% of the population in
hallucinogenic mushrooms vs. 5% in mainland France, 1.3%
Specific external exposures for ecstasy or MDMA vs. 4% in mainland France, and less than 1% for
poppers (vs. 7%), amphetamines (vs. 2%), and crack cocaine (vs.
neurological and neuropsychological deficits in Amerindian children preconceptions. Thus, in 2015, 82% of “undocumented” people who
40). Approximately 25% of pregnant women in western French at younger ages (60, 64–69). However, for prolonged diseases, once
Guiana displayed blood lead levels of ≥50 μg/L and 5% immigrants benefit from health insurance, the differences between
also associated with a broad range of risks: for gold miners, severe in difficult conditions (61). A complementary explanation is that,
the poverty level, and 29% live in great poverty (51). At the hospital, a traumatic stress disorder in French Guiana vs. 0.7% in
cross-sectional study found that 75% of patients were socially mainland France.
precarious (52). Overall, in the 16–65 years group, 2 of every 5 Finally, 20% of the population in French Guiana resides in the
Guiana. Overall, 37% of the total population is of foreign nationality the health system, there are complex differences between
anywhere else (54). By contrast, in mainland France, 7.6% of the factors. Hence, despite the free availability of the COVID-19 vaccine,
population is foreign. Overall, between 15 and 18% of the population despite health promotion efforts, cultural mediation, translation, and
is undocumented in French Guiana vs. between 0.89 and 1.19% in outreach campaigns, French Guiana has the lowest vaccination rate
60% of babies were born from a foreign mother, and 40% were born and resentment toward the Western health system (70–72). It is not
in 2017, represented 38% of births (56, 57). According to the French demanding strong measures to fill the perceived structural gap
only 1% of immigrants came to French Guiana for health reasons health system and a large fragile population, hampering access to care
than men: 23% vs. 13%, whereas in mainland France, the proportion In public health, problems can be approached in three different
of obese in the same national study found that 12% of men and 12% ways: An approach focused on a specific problem (i.e., cancer, stroke,
15.8% for men and 15.6% for women (9, 11). finally an approach focused on a specific population. Here, whether
exercised more than women in the population in general (44% vs. difficult; second, it is apparent that social inequalities in French
28%, respectively) (9). A more recent estimate (2022–2021) found Guiana are so massive that the metrologic significance of life statistics,
In this context, the standardized prevalence of treated diabetes is a 7% deficit in 5-year survival relative to mainland France. However,
greater than in mainland France: 7.7% compared with 4.6%. Despite when stratifying by country of residence, there was no longer any
23 years), arterial hypertension is a major problem, notably among 24% deficit in survival at 5 years (77). Hence, given the great territorial
have the same prognostic value, suggesting that lipoprotein 34% greater in French Guiana, large differences in life statistics are
exposomes of French Guiana and mainland France. Table 3 then 2000 euros per month. Hence, there was a 9.3-year difference for men
and richer half in French Guiana. Finally, Table 4 compares the main illustrating the impact of poverty may be interesting, but they use
late adulthood) in French Guiana. The figure shows that the first assumptions in Tables 2–4 can be criticized. Despite these limitations,
1,000 days since conception are potentially at risk for a broad range of the present study is the first to have such a holistic aim.

Methods (brief)

Lipoprotein a; MDMA, 3,4-Methyl enedioxy methamphetamine. evidence from the territory. The evidence was extracted by MN after
Specific external exposures for ecstasy or MDMA vs. 4% in mainland France, and less than 1% for
1. Warembourg C, Maitre L, Fossati S, Roumeliotaki T, Aasvang GM, Andrusaityte S, real-life data from 2009 to 2019. Lancet Reg Health Am. (2023) 21:100492. doi: 10.1016/j.
Multi-omics signatures of the human early life exposome. Nat Commun. (2022) 13:7024. 18. Hanf M, Friedman E, Basurko C, Roger A, Bruncher P, Dussart P, et al. Dengue

Implications

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Verification notes

Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised