OPEN ACCESS metals toxicity with special

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

means “the liquid silver.” Pb has an atomic number of 82, and it was is stored Pb in the body (61). An additional significant source of Pb
to it (78, 79). Numerous environmental factors including industrial 100% in cases of acute Pb poisoning (107, 108). The indicators of
which exhibit morphological and biochemical signs of Pb toxicity (123). Arsenic-contaminated drinking water, feeds, vegetables, and
As poisoning (145). Cattle arsenic toxicity symptoms range from oxygen by one electron. Arsenic induced kidney lipid peroxidation
stable metals (zinc and mercury) in group 12 (170, 171). It is a
metals that are crucial for a variety of biological processes (177, is highly prevalent in cattle worldwide as detailed in Tables 1–3.
chimneys (180, 181). as 0.057, 0.066, 0.017 mg/kg (Pb), 0.046, 0.068, 0.005 mg/kg (As),
Commercial uses for Cd include TV screens, paint pigments, and 0.097, 0.458, 0.001 mg/kg (Cd) in meat, kidney, and liver,
and Japan, leafy vegetables) or water (Cd and Zn sealed water pipe was examined in the kidney, muscle, blood, and liver of 494 cattle
Galicia, up to 20% of the cattle had toxic levels of Cd in their kidney
Effects of cadmium on cattle (Table 3) (235, 237).
kidneys (37, 191, 192). For instance, in Nigeria, cattle grazing in level for Cd in cattle kidneys exceeded 75% in cattle from polluted
regions with high Cd contamination have been shown to have high environments and 47% of kidneys from reference sites. The levels
Pb in the liver and kidneys (Table 1) (120, 186).
kidney is the main organ affected by Cd toxicity (171), and the S1 of Cd, Pb, and As than cattle from reference areas (Table 2)
clinically visible defects in protein, bicarbonate, phosphate, and (243). While Cd concentration exceeded the European level by 85%
amino acid reabsorption (200, 201). Approximately thirty percent in the kidney and 40% in the liver from sampled cattle, it was
higher in the kidney and the liver of cows from contaminated areas ± 0.63 mg/kg (n = 382), and 0.036 ± 0.003 mg/kg (n = 1,081),
exceeded the benchmark value (Table 3) (207, 245). tidal power and solar energy (247). Typically heavy metals removal
(>0.35 ppm) and asymptomatic Pb toxicities; between 7% and the organism through diffusion (250). The chemical is subsequently
40% of these asymptomatic cattle were in the high normal limit broken down into less dangerous metabolites, which the organism
(0.1–0.35 ppm) (Table 1) (99). may expel or store in different regions of its body (251). A chemical
The toxic level of Pb was 11.2% in 2001, reduced to 9.9% in biological makeup of the recipient organism (253, 254). Metals
2006, and rose to 15.6% in 2009 (78). Cattle calves six months are absorbed into an organism either by conveyors or diffusion.
of age were frequently poisoned (53.5%). The mean toxic Pb Pb ion, an electrically charged particle, enters using conveyors or
the liver, and the blood was 0.41 ± 0.62 mg/kg (n = 64), 0.16 concentration. The amount of toxicity felt by the organism directly
Cattle Muscle 2.00 mg/kg 1.95 mg/kg Croatia (209)
Cattle Kidney 0.172 mg/kg 0.167 mg/kg Croatia (209)
Cattle Kidney 0.006 mg/kg 0.002 mg/kg Italy (212)
TABLE 2 Arsenic toxicity observed in different organs of cattle.
Cattle Muscle 6.07 mg/kg 5.87 mg/kg Croatia (209)
Cattle Kidney 0.033 mg/kg 0.031 mg/kg Croatia (209)
Cattle Kidney 0.1 mg/kg 0.1–0.5 mg/kg Croatia (214)
Cattle Kidney 0.002 mg/kg 0.03 mg/kg Australia (218)
Cattle Kidney 0.002 mg/kg 0.018 mg/kg Australia (219)
Cattle Kidney 0.002 mg/kg 0.001 mg/kg Italy (212)
TABLE 3 Cadmium toxicity observed in different organs of the cattle.
Cattle Liver 6.15 mg/kg 23.4 mg/kg Galicia, NW Spain (107)
Cattle Kidney 0.1 mg/kg 0.373 mg/kg Slovenia (211)
Cattle Kidney 0.1 mg/kg 0.65 mg/kg Australia (231)
Cattle Muscle 0.348 mg/kg 0.341 mg/kg Croatia (209)
Cattle Kidney 0.544 mg/kg 0.535 mg/kg Croatia (209)

Methods (brief)

gets collected in the renal cortex’s proximal involuted tubules, and spray animals to control ectoparasites and cause toxicity
the sewage treatment fields have disrupted the normal metabolism values were calculated using coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
amino acid reabsorption (200, 201). Approximately thirty percent in the kidney and 40% in the liver from sampled cattle, it was
batteries in the pasture (246). Blood samples were collected from The total body kinetics that a chemical is subjected to in an
toxicity and the environment. Mol Clin Environ Toxicol. (2012) 2012:133–64. genetic apparatus of sheep after administration of samples from industrial emissions.
in fish samples collected from the Middle Black Sea. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 49. Imran M, Cao S, Wan SF, Chen Z, Saleemi MK, Wang N, et al.
GeoJournal. (2022) 87:2525–49. 87:2525–49. doi: 10.1007/s10708-021-10379-5 collected from Butuan Bay, Philippines. Int J Biol Phys Chem Stud. (2022) 4:14–23.
1. Ferreira G, Santander A, Chavarría L, Cardozo R, Savio F, Sobrevia L, et al. 141. Akanda R, Quraishi SB, Mamun S. Heavy metal content in beef collected
P, et al. Development and validation of Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Gómez-Ariza JL. Metabolomic study in plasma, liver and kidney of mice exposed to
Spectrometry method and its application for clinical evaluation of blood lead levels inorganic arsenic based on mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. (2014) 406:1455–
1. Liu J, Liu Y, Habeebu SM, Waalkes MP, Klaassen CD. Chronic combined
Frontier in Bioscience Landmark (2022). doi: 10.31083/j.fbl2703105 Vet J. (2021) 1:20–4.
kidney of cattle slaughtered in Isfahan abattoir using grafite furnace atomic absorption
spectrometry (GFAAS): a preliminary study. Iran J Vet Res. (2008) 9:174–7. Available
v and ag levels in cow’s muscle, liver, kidney, lung, spleen and brain samples. Revue
handling methods for power grid modernization. Expert Syst Appl. (2022) 2022:117590. 259. Sijm DT, Rikken MG, Rorije E, Traas TP, Mclachlan MS, Peijnenburg WJ.
doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.09.027 265. Yaashikaa PR, Kumar PS, Varjani S. Valorization of agro-industrial wastes for
1. Alloy MM, Finch BE, Ward CP, Redman AD, Bejarano AC, Barron MG,

Implications

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Verification notes

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Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised