Overview
This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.
Key numbers
The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:
- radicals into stable products, by donating hydrogen or electrons (13). On the other hand,
- used for this study is provided in Supplementary Material (Table S1).
- screens (211, 47.5%) contained one antioxidant reported on their labels, and only a minor
- percentage of sunscreens (21, 4.7%) did not contain antioxidants reported on their labels.
- the second most used antioxidants, totaling a usage frequency of 12.9%. Oxothiazolidine,
- second most used antioxidants, totaling a usage frequency of 12.9%. Oxothiazolidine,
- between 4% and 7%. The usage frequency of vitamin E and its derivatives was notably
- of use varied between 1% and 4% (Figure 3). These are mostly naturally derived
- use varied between 1% and 4% (Figure 3). These are mostly naturally derived antioxidants, antioxi-
- all the formulations analyzed (8.1%) (Figure 4). Tocopherol (vitamin E) was used with the
- highest usage frequency in more than 280 sunscreens (63.7%), followed by its acetylated
- derivative, tocopheryl acetate (51.1%). As can be seen, more than half of the available
- palmitate derivative, with a usage frequency of almost 10%, was the ascorbic acid derivative
- (6.3%), ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate (5.2%), 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid (1.6%), and finally the
- glycosylated derivative of ascorbic acid, ascorbyl glucoside, with a usage frequency <1%.
- among all the formulations analyzed (8.1%) (Figure 4). Tocopherol (vitamin E) was used
- with the highest usage frequency in more than 280 sunscreens (63.7%), followed by its
- acetylated derivative, tocopheryl acetate (51.1%). As can be seen, more than half of the
- in nine 10%,
- acid (6.3%), ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate (5.2%), 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid (1.6%), and finally
- studied, with a usage frequency of 2.0%, and ethylhexyl ferulate was only found in eight of
- the 444 total analyzed sunscreens (1.8%). These hydrophobic derivatives demonstrate more
- acid and derivatives (5.9%) were not as widely used in photoprotective formulations as
- studied, with a usage frequency of 2.0%, and ethylhexyl ferulate was only found in eight
- of the 444 total analyzed sunscreens (1.8%). These hydrophobic derivatives demonstrate
- Overall, ferulic acid and derivatives (5.9%) were not as widely used in photoprotective
- formulations as vitamin E and derivatives (66.3%) and vitamin C and derivatives (12.9%).
- used antioxidants in sunscreen products; however, tocopherol (63.7%) was more fre-
- quently used than tocopheryl acetate (51.1%) in sunscreens. Ascorbic acid and ascorbic
- 11.0% and 20.0%, respectively (14). In sunscreens, both were used in lower percentages,
- antioxidants in sunscreen products; however, tocopherol (63.7%) was more frequently used
- than tocopheryl acetate (51.1%) in sunscreens. Ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid derivatives
- products (14). Herein, niacinamide was only found in 4.3% of the total sunscreens studied,
- with their usage frequency of almost 6% in sunscreen products recently marketed.
- vegetables (59,60). Vitamin C has been reported to have health-promoting effects and ben-
- etables (59,60). Vitamin C has been reported to have health-promoting effects and benefits
- of the 5% of vitamin C cream and control (excipient) on photoaged skin was compared,
- containing two UV filters, ethylhexyl triazine (5.00%) and bis-ethylhexylmethoxyphenol
- methoxyphenyltriazine (10.0%), and ferulic acid (1.00%) was determined and compared to
- also increased the UVA protection factor by 26% (111). Interestingly the photoprotective
- ficacy of ectoine (using a cosmetic formulation containing 2% of ectoine) in comparison
- a maximal protective effect of 92.7% and 68.9% against visible light and UVA/visible light,
Methods (brief)
- brands, marketed in Portuguese parapharmacies and pharmacies was collected in 2021, to
- the product labels was collected along with the information available on the manufacturers’
- Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI). The collected data were analyzed regarding
- A total of 38 pure antioxidants were found in the sample of analyzed sunscreens. A
- A total of 38 pure antioxidants were found in the sample of analyzed sunscreens. A
- tected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, suggesting that the
- detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, suggesting that
- of phenolic acids, including ferulic acid (104). Adult human skin samples were used
- the robustness of the insight presented. The information collected was organized and
-
- Alberts, D.S.; Goldman, R.; Xu, M.J.; Dorr, R.T.; Quinn, J.; Welch, K.; Guillen-Rodriguez, J.; Aickin, M.; Peng, Y.M.; Loescher,
-
- Zdunska, K.; Dana, A.; Kolodziejczak, A.; Rotsztejn, H. Antioxidant Properties of Ferulic Acid and Its Possible Application. Ski.
Implications
This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.
Wiki pages this source may touch
- Fish — marine, predatory (tuna, swordfish, shark, king mackerel)
- Root-Vegetable Purees
- Baby Sunscreen, Mineral (ZnO + TiO2)
- Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
- Arsenic
Verification notes
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- HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.
Update history
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