Determination of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Soil and Tomato Plant

Overview

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Key numbers

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ISSN: 2955 – 1145 (print); 2955 – 1153 (online)
1Department of Biology, Isa Kaita College of Education, Dutsin-ma, Katsina State, Nigeria.
The study aimed to determine heavy metals Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb concentration from soil and Published January 14, 2023.
except for lead (Pb), which has a higher concentration above the permissible limits of 0.3 Access article distributed under
sampling area. Further studies are recommended to analyze the heavy metals of irrigation Commons Attribution 4.0 License
water and organic and inorganic fertilizers used. licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
water contain toxic heavy metals like zinc (Zn2+), nickel (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)
(Ni2+), cadmium (Cd2+), copper (Cu2+), cobalt (Co2+), lead were used to identify toxic heavy metals in plant tissues
(Pb2+), mercury (Hg2+), arsenic (As2+), and chromium (Psaras and Manetas, 2001; Qi et al., 2003; Arru et al., 2004;
(Cr2+). Agricultural irrigation practices, phosphate Yashvanth et al., 2013; Galvez et al., 2015).
heavy metals in soils and agricultural products may be cultivated worldwide (Agrios, 2005). It originated in South
significantly impacted by using city wastewater for America (Nonneoke, 1989), but Portuguese traders and
in soils and agricultural products may be significantly to West Africa (Tindall, 1988). According to John et al.
impacted by using urban wastewater for irrigation (Singh (2010) and Bugel (2003), tomatoes are a good source of
et al., 2010; Naaz and Pandey, 2010). Because the root vitamins, minerals, and lycopene, a powerful antioxidant
frequently occurs in the root system, where toxins are (Giovannucci, 1999). A total of 3,170.000 ha are used for
Animals and people are exposed to toxic heavy metals that worldwide (Samuel et al., 2011). An annual total of one
populations and obstruct crucial ecological processes (Erinle, 1989; Bodunde et al., 1993). According to Olayide
(Salem et al., 2016). It has been investigated in many et al. (2002), tomatoes comprise around 18% of Nigeria’s
research (Cu, 2015; Nazar et al., 2012; Aydinalp and average daily vegetable consumption. Tomatoes can be
Marinova, 2009; Mahmood et al., 2007; Fayiga et al., 2004; made into pastes or purses used in cooking and creating
Rout and Das, 2003; Baccouch et al., 1998; Coppola et al., fruit drinks (Babalola et al. 2010).
1. how dangerous heavy metals affect the growth of
Nigeria. ismailjunaid63@gmail.com. Phone Number: +234 816 328 6669.
How to cite: Sanusi, L., Sanusi, J., Ibrahim, S., & Nawaf, A. (2023). Determination of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Soil
https://scientifica.umyu.edu.ng/ Sanusi et al., /USci, 2(4): 039 – 044, December 2023 39
vegetables regularly is an important human exposure mostly for irrigation and water supplies. 1973 saw the
pathway for heavy metal poisoning. Various chronic reservoir’s filling, and 1975 saw its opening. The Tagwai
illnesses may develop as a result of heavy metal ingestion River is its main source. Its height was originally 12 meters,
from contaminated vegetables. The biotoxicity of heavy but following restoration in 1998, it is now 14.7 meters.
metals is influenced by their content, oxidation state, The reservoir’s crest length was 880 meters at the time of
source, and deposition process. Emphysema, construction; after rehabilitation, it has grown to 1491.8
bronchiolitis, and alveolitis are pulmonary effects of meters. Additionally, its surface area is 607.0 acres. 22.73
cadmium exposure (Fernandes and Henriques, 1991). million cubic meters of water can be stored, according to
Parkman and Haskoning (1996). The reservoir provides
According to Gardea-Torresdey et al. (1996), lead water to adjacent communities such as Ajiwa, Masabo,
et al., 2008). According to studies, some plant species that
Leon et al. (2002), heavy metal toxicity results in the
inactivation of biomolecules by either obstructing vital Figure 1: Map of Ajiwa Fadama showing the irrigation
aquatic environments has become a problem of increasing Topsoil (0-15 cm) and tomato root, stem, and fruit were
to health hazards in men either through drinking water or September 2023. The samples were taken at the three
Fadama. Heavy metals cause damage to the brain and the kept at room temperature of 25oC, free from moisture.

Methods (brief)

determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results of heavy metal
functional groups or displacing important metal ions. and sample collection site
The accumulation of toxic metals at hazardous levels in Sample Collection
concern. Excessive population of surface water could lead collected from Ajiwa Fadama farms between August to
to health hazards in men either through drinking water or September 2023. The samples were taken at the three
tomatoes as a source of food and the interest in soil and plant samples were stored in polyethylene bags
determination of heavy metals in tomato produce in Ajiwa soil samples were allowed to dry under sunlight and later
tomato (S. lycopersicum) plant and soil collected from the
Ajiwa Fadama Dam site with the following specific To remove any outside heavy metals, the tomato samples
until they were totally dry. The plants and soil samples
MATERIALS AND METHODS an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Agilent
Determination of Metal in Soil Sample
of 10:1 was added and left for about 10 minutes. Sample DISCUSSION
Varian 220 (fast sequential) Atomic Absorption industrialized nations have passed laws establishing
Spectrometer. A blank sample was prepared and analyzed tolerance limits for heavy metal inputs (such as fertilizers
along with the sample (Adefemi and Eyitayo 2013). and biopesticides). Farmland soil is deemed heavy metal-
Stem, and Fruits Samples This analysis revealed that the total Pb concentration was
for around 10 minutes. The samples were heated in a food crops.

Implications

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Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
3171d06	2026-08-02	major	1 section added
bc84bfc	2026-08-02	major	6 sections added; narrative text revised