Co-Application of Silicate and Low-Arsenic-Accumulating Rice

Overview

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the cultivars. The grain As content fell to 17.2 and 27.6% with the addition of sodium metasilicate
BDP where 24.1% of the total death toll is attributed to As poisoning with an estimated
fourth of the global calorific need (6). Over 90% of the world’s rice is produced and
meet 73% of their daily calorific needs which, in endemic regions, is found laced with As,
textural composition was determined by the hydrometer method (23). For extractable
NexION 300). The operating parameters of the ICP-MS are presented in Table S1. Table 1
Table 1. Initial characteristics of the experimental soil.
NaHCO3 extractable As (mg kg−1 ) 3.10
were digested by a microwave digester using concentrated (65%) suprapure nitric acid
95.3 ± 4.01% for As.
(5 mg kg−1 ) in a soil, and the observed recovery was 91.3 ± 3.7%.
where v = volume of the NH4 OH consumed to neutralize weak acid (mL), N = normality
where Mgrain = grain inorganic As content (mg kg−1 ) of the rice grown in contaminated soil,
and W = the daily intake of rice grain (0.45 kg). On average, 73% of the As present in rice was
3.1.1. Effect of the Applied Silicate on the Extractable Arsenic (As) in Soil
indicating that S1 and S2 were statistically at par (Table 2). Li et al. (2018) (16) also
the lowest As content was recorded with Badshabhog (0.11 mg kg−1 ) (Table 2). As per
Table 2. Effect of the sodium metasilicate (Na2 SiO3 ) addition on extractable As (mg kg−1 ) in soil and As content (mg kg−1 ) in the grain, husk, and straw of different
Olsen-Extractable As (mg kg−1 ) Grain Content Husk Content Straw Content
As content in grain to the tune of 17.2 and 27.6%, respectively (Table 2). When compared to
content of Badshabhog was reduced to 72.7% under S1 and S2, bringing down the absolute
value to 0.03 mg kg−1 . In the case of Khitish, S2 resulted in a 39.3% abatement in the grain
17.3% reduction in the As content were obtained in husk under S1 and S2, respectively,
with the corresponding reduction in the straw were 21.1 and 18.8%. In spite of increasing
and a pH ranging from 6 to 8), the major stable form of As is undissociated arsenous acid
0.31 (Khitish) to 0.52 (IR-36). The mean translocation coefficient of As from straw to husk
and grain of the rice cultivar BRR1 dhan28 contained, respectively, 96, 3, and 1% of the total
from 0.31 (Khitish) to 0.52 (IR-36). The mean translocation coefficient of As from straw In most
affected by the rice cultivars and As (Table 3). On average, the concentration of the
total weak acid in rooting solution rose significantly by 34% (from 0.47 to 0.63 mN) in
Table 3. Effect of the cultivars and arsenic on the concentration (mN) of total weak acid secreted by
As (µg L−1 ) As (µg L−1 ) Mean
ranged from 0.06 to 0.90 across
the treatments (Figure 4). Values of an HQ ≥ 1 renderranged
intake to be approximately 50% (62,63). Therefore, the allowable
As-health-risk for children too. The HQ for As intake through rice ranged from 0.06 to 0.93
the As-health-risk for children too. The HQ for As intake through rice ranged from 0.06 to
across the treatments (Figure S1). The HQ in three high-yielding varieties ranged between
0.93 across the treatments (Figure S1). The HQ in three high-yielding varieties ranged be-
added to the soils in pot at the rates of 0 (S0), 250 (S1) and 500 (S2) mg kg−1 soil); Table S1. Operating
conditions for ICP-MS (Model- Perkin Elmer, NexIon 300); Table S2. Carcinogenic risk in adult and
1. Bilo, F.; Lodolo, M.; Borgese, L.; Bosio, A.; Benassi, L.; Depero, L.E.; Bontempi, E. Evaluation of heavy metals contamination from

Methods (brief)

2.1. Soil Sample Collection and Characterization
One bulk sample of surface (0–15 cm) soil was collected from the geogenically ar-
Haringhata block, Nadia District of West Bengal, India. The collected soil sample was
sample was analyzed for pH (soil/water, 1:2), organic carbon, electrical conductivity, and
For determining the pseudo-total As, a soil sample was digested in a microwave digester
was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS, PerkinElmer
NexION 300). The operating parameters of the ICP-MS are presented in Table S1. Table 1
dried at 60 ± 5 ◦ C. On attaining a constant weight, the straw, husk, and grain samples were
ground to powder for subsequent chemical analyses. The post-harvest soil samples were
collected, dried under shade, ground, and passed through a 2 mm sieve to determine the
solution was changed regularly to check the microbial growth. The samples were stored at
The plant samples (obtained from both the soil and solution culture experiments)
(Merck KGaA, Germany) (microwave-assisted digestion) (27). The arsenic in the digest
was determined by ICP-MS (PerkinElmer NexION 300). SRM 1573a (tomato leaves) from
NIST was used to validate the ICP-MS results. The average recovery percentage was
was measured by ICP-MS (PerkinElmer NexION 300). We spiked the arsenic standard
rice roots in solution culture as sampled at twenty and forty days after transplanting *.
conditions for ICP-MS (Model- Perkin Elmer, NexIon 300); Table S2. Carcinogenic risk in adult and

Implications

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Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised