Hexavalent Chromium Exposure

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• absorption of nutrients but also is the largest immune organ that Research Council (NRC), which cited Ren et al. (35). Table 1
• investigations have shown that heavy metal exposure (K2Cr2O7) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, CA, USA, 99% purity). For
• jejunum inflammation via increasing the production of pro- calculated as 1% of body weight, fasting before gavage lasted
• discovered that subchronic mercury exposure led to gut 14 days. According to the Horn Table (the People’s Republic of
• (23). These studies illustrated that heavy metal exposure could K2Cr2O7 in ducks was 0.464 g/kg, with a 95% confidence limit
• the most crucial mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced tissue injury (Control), 9.28 (LCr), 46.4 (MCr), and 232 (HCr) mg/kg body
• activate immune cells, resulting in inflammation that pieces and rinsed repeatedly with 0.9% NaCl until there was no
• activation of the NF-kB signaling pathway and the NLRP3 was fixed in 10% formalin and 2.5% glutaraldehyde for
• TABLE 1 | The composition and nutritional levels of the basal diet.
• Soybean meal, 43% 9 concentrations and T-SOD, CAT, and GR activities in jejunum
• Threonine, 98.5% 0.044
• Choline chloride, 50% 0.2 Total RNA was isolated from jejunum tissues using TRIzol
• Calcium (analyzed) 0.94 in Table 2. Primers were designed with Primer Express 3.0
• The jejunum tissues were fixed in 10% formalin for 24 h, then which contained protease inhibitors (PMSF) (Beyotime, Shanghai,
• The effect of Cr(VI) on jejunum tissues was studied using mg) were loaded onto 12% SDS-polyacrylamide denaturing gels
• the PAS Kit (Cat # G1049, Service, Wuhan, China). TissueFAXS (TBST) containing 5% non-fat milk powder for 1 h at room
• (30%) before being diluted to 10 ml with deionized water.
• TABLE 2 | Premier sequences used for real-time PCR. and destruction of the mucosal layer (blue arrows). In addition,
• revealed normal morphology, clear borders, and well-arranged observably elevated (P < 0.001) in the MCr and HCr groups
• All data were presented as mean ± SEM; n ≥ 3 for each group. The symbol “*” denotes a statistically significant difference from the control group (*P < 0.05, ***P <
• of nutrients to the body (46). In the current study, we noticed that ducks with 80 mg/kg, goblet cells were significantly reduced, and at

Methods (brief)

• The intestine not only is responsible for the digestion and with the standard rations as recommended by the National
• that long-term exposure to Cr(VI) could cause intestinal damage Toxicity Trials and Sample Collection
• (26). When Cr(VI) enters the cell, it acts as a strong oxidant and weight for 49 days. All ducks were weighed, and blood samples
• can produce additional reactive oxygen species (ROS) (27). The were collected from each duck’s wing vein and separated serum
• TissueFAXS was applied to measure and analyze villus length (35). Samples were further diluted, and 5× SDS-PAGE loading
• Following that, the samples were digested and analyzed using a Immunofluorescence Analysis
• spectrometry (ICP-MS) (NexION 350, Watertown, MA, USA). analysis. A previous report provided detailed descriptions of
• affecting the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
• animal health (43). Previous studies have found that long-term nutrient digestion and absorption in the ducks, resulting in poor
• oxidative damage, H2O2 is then converted into water and oxygen bioaccumulation, digestion, intestinal barrier function,

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Other cooking oils (canola, sunflower, coconut, avocado, sesame)
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Lead
• Arsenic
• Chromium

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.