Heavy Metals, Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Phthalates, Glyphosate,

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

Table 1. Thresholds of ALT and ALP and typical features in patients with liver adaptation and liver injury.
specifically, a toxicant is any toxic substance, man-made the normal range (ULN) or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) <2
tures, let alone the range of amounts taken up, the individ- cellular, cholestatic, or mixed injury (22), other toxins exert
minum poisoning, around 48% had increased serum ALT Increased LTs such as ALT, AST or ALP have variably been
activities versus around 36% showed increased AST values published (49,50,52–54) with significantly higher values in
means ± SD were provided for ALT (23.19 ± 26.78 U/L) with LT values meeting criteria of both, liver injury required
and for AST (22.51 ± 15.98 U/L). As a consequence of this for HILI (Table 1) and RUCAM based causality gradings
Under experimental conditions using electron mi- and thresholds of real liver injury as required (Table 1), and
croscopy, at 24 hr. after acute arsenic exposure as well occasionally normal ranges of the listed parameters were
in their vicinity (68). In this context, the vegetable Ipo-
sequently, there is a high risk that vegetables contaminated confirmed more recently (69). For the general population,
addition, stainless steel contains up to 20% chromium, and try producing cobalt superalloys (94,99) and among plate
jury criteria (Table 1). Following cessation of the medi- significantly increased following cobalt application at high
with non-treated animals (90). blood cobalt levels, detectable metallic cobalt in hepatic
sjugular liver biopsy demonstrated upon light microscopy ported in 10.8% among 7031 steelworkers in China as com-
ongoing portal and segmental inflammation with balloon- pared with AST in 2.8%, findings likely attributed to exoge-
Experimental studies of animal models on mechanis- liver injury (Table 1). As opposed, occupational or popu-
jury (Table 1). Serum lead levels were increased in line (68,69), and water contaminated with lead, for which rapid
although HILI as alternative diagnosis was not definitively portable x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is feasible (165).
mic reticulum (23,75,148,150,151,164). The high affin- tivities of ALT increased by 7.7% and of AST by 10.6%,
lutant (171,172) with health hazards, shown also at the oc- activities of ALT were significantly increased by 56.0% and
casion of the 1956 Minamata tragedy in Japan caused by of AST by 14.3% (179), while in other studies ALT activity
(184). Expressed as means ± SD, in exposed workers Elevated serum activities of ALT in a range from 55.3
(218,219). For instance, if calculated as means ± SEM, considered as relatively nontoxic to humans (223).
tanium liver injury. injury in humans (Table 1). In animals intoxicated with
mum means ± SEM of serum ALT activity of 2910 ± 1320 ter intoxication for electron microscopy (5200-fold magnifica-
tetrachloride excretion in breath after 1 h is as much as 33%
not based on established criteria of liver injury (Table 1).
lates are derived from C3-C6 alcohols, now being gradu- as means ± SEM; AST 191.83 ± 9.24 U/L vs 123.00 ±
These data were partially confirmed in another study show- liver injury (Table 1). However, the diagnosis of glyphosate
classifying DEHP as a peroxisome proliferating chemical the fact that in up to 50% of worldwide published ALF
exists, but has not been rigorously studied in human popu- tients intoxicated with glyphosate 138 ± 12 mL (means ±
lations, a balanced view highly appreciated (264). Essen- SEM) noted that among 119 evaluable cases only 33.6% of
mals treated with 25 mg/kg glyphosate compared with 50 (281). Cordyceps militaris is both, an edible fungus and a
mg/kg (279). Serum AST activities remained virtually un- traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with highly appreci-
normal range or only slightly increased in early stages of hyde (220), and the participation of the hepatic microso-
tivities were determined as means: ALT 241 U/L (range gut bacteria with increased production of endotoxins syn
110–519) and AST 220 U/L (range 119–438) (296). This lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that may enter the portal circu-
serum ALT and AST activities are missing in animals as id- in cases assessed for causality using RUCAM (Table 2,
Table 2. Involvement of CYP isoforms in idiosyncratic DILI by various drugs as assessed in RUCAM based cases.
Table 3. Selected suspected toxic compounds as suggested causes of liver injury due to use of herbal TCM.
ties of ALT were with 935 ± 672 U/L (means ± SD) (313), on current expert views (151). For herbal TCM, a list of

Methods (brief)

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed) 2022; 27(11): 314
acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) (53). Liver crovesicular steatosis. These light microscopy changes in
higher concentration of MMA compared with DMA. Sev- chemists, and translucent vesicles and structural changes of
sized through the arsenite methyltransferase, whereas DMA proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes
is synthesized via the DMA methyltransferase (66,67). (83) and confirmed the presence of autophagosomes (82,
fide and curcumin separately against thallium-induced toxicity (223) Plum LM, Rink L, Haase H. The essential toxin: impact of
chloride to Trichloromethyl Radical: an ESR and HPLC-EC (264) Myers JP, Antoniou MN, Blumberg B, Carroll L, Colborn T,
(255) Smith AR, Kogut KR, Parra K, Bradman A, Holland N, Harley confounders, causality, and an undetermined cause. Journal of
sights into the molecular mechanisms of Polygonum multiflo- by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Phytochemistry

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

Verification notes

Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised