JOURNAL OF NUTRITION FASTING AND HEALTH

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Article History: Methods: In total, 30 sesame oil samples were collected from factories (n=20; industrial) and
Received: 22 Oct 2021 traditional mills (n=10; non-industrial). The heavy metal content and FA profile of the
Human health risk assessment unsaturated fatty acids (84.5% and 83.49%, respectively), with the main fatty acids
industrial sesame oil samples was estimated at 0.008-1.33, 0.001-0.04, and 0.11-6.74 mg/kg,
while it was 0.00-0.199, 0.01-0.04, and 0.8-4.3 mg/kg in the non-industrial sesame oil samples,
European Union (0.1 mg/kg). Mercury and arsenic were not detected in any of the sesame oil
60%), protein (18-25%), carbohydrates (13.5%), cancers. Mercury is another important toxic
and ash (5%) (11). Sesame oil contains high element, which could be found in aquatic animal
oil include palmitic acid (16:0; 7.0-12.0%), (FA) profile, toxic metal concentration, and
stearic acid (18:0; 6.0-3.5%), oleic acid (18:1; 35- health risk assessment in vegetable oils
50%), and linoleic acid (18:2; 35-50%) (13, 14). (Mohammed F. et al., 2018; Zhu F. et al., 2011;
cumulative due to the lack of a mechanism to Traditional sesame oil samples (n=20) were
sesame oil samples (n=10) were purchased from
all the commercial brands of sesame oil available 95% ethanol, hexane, chloroform, 96%
Table 1. Percentage of fatty acid components of non-industrial (n-Ins) and Industrial (Ins) sesame oils
10% dilute nitric acid was added. The oil-acid
Table 1 shows the performance of the analytical
shows an acceptable level of non-carcinogenic health (34).
metals (mg/kg/day) to which consumers might risk, the ILCR was estimated using Equation 4, as
The permissible level of ILCR is 1×10-6 (1 in product authenticity. Table 1 shows the detailed
mentioned earlier, ADAF is the potency acids (SFAs; 14.52% of industrial samples, 15.3%
(37). significantly higher (83.49%) in the non-
industrial sesame oil samples and 84.5% in the
41.977% monounsaturated FAs and 41.52%
contents also consisted of 41.65%
monounsaturated FAs and 42.85%
acid (41.64%) compared to the non-industrial
industrial oil samples (41.52%). The main
with diluted nitric acid. Table 2 shows the results industrial and non-industrial sesame oil samples.
paints, treated woods, poor effluents, inadequate 4.363 mg/kg in the industrial sesame oil and
sanitary conditions, strong corrosion, and 0.114 and 6.632 mg/kg in the non-industrial
contamination of the environment (especially metals in oils are 1-1.5 mg/kg (Fe), 0.1 mg/kg (Pb
atmospheric contamination) are the smelting of and As), and 0.05 mg/kg (Cd) (1). In the current
minimum and maximum amounts of cadmium 0.000.2 mg/kg in the industrial sesame oil and
were 0.01 and 0.042 mg/kg in the industrial 0.008 and 1.318 mg/kg in the non-industrial
Table 2. Heavy metal concentrations in sesame oil samples (mg/kg)
particularly vulnerable to the noxious effects of European Community (0.1 mg/kg). The presence
iron in edible oil samples to be 0.99-0.134, 0.022- considered as non-acceptable health risks for
mg/kg (51), 5.78 ng/g, 0.017, and 0.018 mg/kg, respectively. Although the HI for child consumers
oil samples was 0.014-0.018 mg/kg (lower than groups, which is consistent with the results
our findings) and 0.015-0.019 mg/kg (higher obtained by Anyanwu et al. (2020) and
mg/kg, respectively, and the levels of heavy in line with the findings of Anyanwu et al. (2020)

Methods (brief)

Article History: Methods: In total, 30 sesame oil samples were collected from factories (n=20; industrial) and
Accepted: 12 Dec 2021 examined samples were determined by ICP-OES and gas chromatography, respectively. The
Keywords: of heavy metals in the sesame oil samples based on Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS).
sesame oil samples in terms of the FA profile and toxic heavy metal contamination. Meanwhile,
Carcinogenic Risk the FA profile of the industrial and non-industrial sesame oil samples indicated high levels of
determined to be oleic acid and linoleic acid. The FA profile of the sesame oil samples indicated
industrial sesame oil samples was estimated at 0.008-1.33, 0.001-0.04, and 0.11-6.74 mg/kg,
while it was 0.00-0.199, 0.01-0.04, and 0.8-4.3 mg/kg in the non-industrial sesame oil samples,
samples. The obtained mean values of iron were lower than the maximum values
toxic effects if they are used exceedingly elevated extracted in stores using small press samples.
metabolic task. Lead, arsenic, mercury, and atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
cumulative due to the lack of a mechanism to Traditional sesame oil samples (n=20) were
sesame oil samples (n=10) were purchased from
sesame oil samples were extracted on the day of acetonitrile, methanol, sodium chloride, and
purchase, and the minimum expiration date of HPLC grade water, which were obtained from
the industrial sesame oil samples was considered Merck Chemicals. These chemicals were of
to be one year. The collected sesame oil samples analytical grade purity, and distilled water was
Sample C16:0 C18:0 C18:1 C18:2 C18:3 C20:0 C20:2

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Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised