However, excessive use of fertilizers could harm the environment. Heavy metals, including aluminum (Al), contamination have been

Overview

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Key numbers

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• B IOD I V E R S I TA S ISSN: 1412-033X
• Volume 22, Number 5, May 2021 E-ISSN: 2085-4722
• ANDRIYANI1, NURUL JADID1,♥
• 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. Jl. Arief Rahman Hakim-Surabaya, East Java,
• Manuscript received: 21 February 2021. Revision accepted: 16 April 2021.
• Abstract. Andriyani, Jadid N. 2021. Genetic diversity and morphological responses of Capsicum annuum varieties under aluminum
• stress. Biodiversitas 22: 2576-2582. Capsicum annuum is one of the most cultivated vegetable crops in the world. Its fruit contains
• primers. Our results showed that the PIC values ranged from 0 (primer 825) to 0.6375 (Primer 9). The UPGMA phylogenetic
• construction also demonstrated that the cv. Lembang1 is closely related to the cv Lingga. Meanwhile, cv Tanjung 2 is closely related to
• significantly root growth but not affected their plant height. Aluminum at 100 ppm significantly decreased root length of cv. Lingga.
• genetic variations among genotypes (Kaur et al. 2015),
• Capsicum (Capsicum annuum) is a horticultural crop population studies (Ng et al. 2015), phylogeny (Acharya et
• that possesses high economic value (Rukmana 1995). It is al. 2004), and genetic mapping (Yagi et al. 2017).
• responsible for its spicy taste (Hoffman et al. 1983). In polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and inter simple sequence
• addition, Capsicum is also a source of vitamin C and repeat (ISSR) (Nadeem et al. 2017). ISSR is a highly
• vitamin B (Ganguly 2017). Moreover, this crop contains polymorphic marker that has been used for genetic
• valuable essential oil, capsitol. Capsitol is used to substitute diversity studies (Xing et al. 2015). This marker is cost-
• itching, and rheumatism. The flavonoid content of this crop environmental factors (Das et al. 2017; Ray et al. 2019).
• is also useful to inhibit inflammation (Rukmana 2002). Due Genetic diversity is one reason for the different
• new varieties with elite phenotypes becomes important. 2005). Environmental conditions are a determining factor
• Indonesia include var. Ciko, Tanjung 2, Lingga and tropical country where most of the land is acidic, 148
• Lembang 1. These four varieties have different million hectares are considered as dryland, and 102.8 million
• productivity. For instance, var. Ciko has a productivity of hectares are acidic dryland (Mulyani et al. 2004). Acidic
• 13.4-20.5 t ha-1, and that of Lembang1 is 15.6-19 t ha-1, soil is defined as soil where its top layer possesses pH of
• Lingga is 13.4-20.5 t ha-1, and Tanjung2 is 12 t ha-1 (Balitsa less than 5.5 (He et al. 2019). Unpredictable climate change
• 2018). Although there are many varieties of Capsicum and relatively high rainfall in most Indonesian regions have
• information is still limited. Therefore, conducting genetic leads to an increase in soil acidity (Subagyo et al. 1998).
• development of new variety and conserving the genetic in the form of trivalent cations (Al3+). Al quickly binds to
• resources (Sun et al. 2008). The study of genetic diversity the apoplast and it is also deposited in the plant vacuole.
• ANDRIYANI & JADID et al. – Diversity of Capsicum annuum 2577
• radicals in plants. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) will containing soil and compost media with a ratio of 1: 1
• and Baluska 2015). Al also interferes with the absorption of 2017; Setiadi 2006).
• nutrients from soils (Moustaka et al. 2016). In acidic soil, The soil media for Al stress treatment was dried for 24
• free aluminum forms insoluble aluminum phosphate which hours and then put in a 15 cm x 15 cm polybag (Dogic et
• causes a phosphate deficiency (Handayanto 2017). Al3+ al. 2017). Al stress treatment was carried out after the
• will bind to the H2PO4-anions and precipitate them as Al- plants aged 2 weeks. Before mixing Al into the soil, a stock
• phosphate (Raharjo et al. 2007). of 1 L AlCl3 1000 ppm was made. The Al concentrations
• Several studies have shown that Al stress influences used were 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm. The 1000 ppm AlCl 3
• plant physiology, morphology and molecular aspects. stock was then diluted to make 100, 200 and 300 ppm of Al
• Karimaei and Poozesh (2016) revealed that Al stress solution. The pH was set at 5.5 for 0 ppm (control) and ±
• reduced the chlorophyll content in Spinacia oleracea, 3.5 for Al-treated soils. The Al solutions were applied
• affecting the photosynthesis process. Heavy metals can every day in the morning with a volume of 30 ml per

Methods (brief)

• 17 (43): 57-651. DOI: 10.5937/AASer1743057D
• Mateescu G, Zhang Z, Tsai k, Phavaphutanpn J, Wurster B, Lust G. Quaas Ray A, Jena S, Haldar T, Sahoo A, Kar B, Patnaik J, Ghosh B, Panda PC,

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
• Cadmium
• Aluminum

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