Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 2020, 78, 133-144

Overview

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Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• of 180 mussel specimens (90 at each site). The initial size (mean) of the
• cumulative mortality rates were 9.2% ± 4.9 and 55.5% ± 30.0 for Marudu
• 80% for that year (Anongponyoskun et al., 2012).
• 2017). Elsewhere in Asia (e.g. India) the marketable size The mariculture farm at Marudu Bay is situated at the
• production of green mussels of more than 80% (DOFM, was conducted during the new moon phase, where the
• catastrophic event (Tan and Ransangan, 2019). Since then, oxygen (DO (mg/l)) and salinity (PSU) were measured at
• Bay, which wiped out 90% of the production, was thought were kept chilled in an ice-filled cooler box while on
• analysis following Parson et al. (1984). The filtrate was calculated from monthly estimates of mean size derived
• where L1 & L2 mean shell length values at times T1 & T2 in
• (mean) of mussels at Marudu Bay was 47.7 ± 3.5 mm, of the experiment as shown by the equation below:
• The means for the physicochemical parameters, water 4). Mann-Whitney test (U=23, p<0.05) results showed
• index were analyzed using the SPSS Window Statistic Marudu Bay was significantly lower (9.2% ± 4.9) than in
• Package (version 23). All variables were tested for Ambong Bay (55.5% ± 30.0). The mussels in Ambong Bay
• the correlation between growth, mortality and the other The condition index (CI) of mussels (N = 48) at Marudu
• variables. Tests were considered significant at p<0.05. Bay ranged from 3.08 to 7.99, with a mean (±SD) 5.01 ±
• concentration at Marudu Bay ranged between 1.93-5.60 testing was conducted for these variables. The ammonia
• mg/l compared to 2.99-5.08 mg/l at Ambong Bay; pH concentration at Marudu Bay (0.04 ± 0.05 mg/L) was
• ranged between 7.04-8.16 at Marudu Bay compared to significantly higher (U=393, p<0.05) than at Ambong
• 7.65-8.28 at Ambong Bay; temperature ranged between Bay (0.02 ± 0.02 mg/L). Phosphate, nitrate and nitrite
• 28.86-32.11°C at Marudu Bay compared to 28.49-31.57°C concentrations were not significantly different. The mean
• Bay; water transparency at Marudu Bay ranged between 0.07±0.04 mg/L; nitrate, 0.011±0.006 vs. 0.011±0.005
• 20-90 cm compared to 80-220 cm at Ambong Bay, and mg/L; nitrite, 0.004±0.001 vs. 0.005 ± 0.001.
• chlorophyll-a concentration ranged between 1.13-32.57 The concentrations of phosphate (PO43-) and ammonia-
• µg/L at Marudu Bay compared to 0.59-7.59 µg/L Ambong nitrogen (NH3ˉ N) were higher at Marudu Bay in October
• water transparency mean values were significantly lower (Fig. 6) in Marudu Bay in October 2017 were 0.247 mg/L
• 8.00 ± 0.18; t(46) = -5.469, p<0.05; salinity, 27.7 ± 4.75 vs. ± 0.04 mg/L; ammonia-nitrogen, 0.02 ± 0.02 mg/L) were
• The condition index (CI) is used primarily to describe was high (>65%) during November-December 2017
• 4.0 suggesting the mussels were fat. This observation is in range of green mussels. Our findings are in agreement with
• month period, the shell length increased by 75.7% and and weaken their defence response (Sui et al., 2017).
• population density (Gosling, 2003). In other words, the within the tolerable range for mussels (Sallih, 2005).
• period and was lowest in November-December 2017 2016 has increased by 21% - Kudat, 52% - Matunggong,
• and January 2018, compared to Ambong Bay where it 27% - Pitas and 25% - Kota Marudu (DOA, 2017).
• of chlorophyll-a (2.89 ± 1.72 µg/L), the phytoplankton Bay appeared to experience higher mortality compared to
• ± 11,05 mm (SGR 0,17% ± 0,22) u usporedbi sa 64,05 ± DOFS (Department of Fisheries Sabah) (2017): Annual
• 7,44 mm (SGR 0,11% ± 0,22) za zaljev Ambong. Stopa Fisheries Statistics. Kota Kinabalu (Sabah), Ministry of
• kumulativnog mortaliteta iznosila je 9,2% ± 4,9 za zaljev Agriculture and Food Industry. 253.
• Marudu te 55,5% ± 30,0 za zaljev Ambong. Pearsonova DOFM (Department of Fisheries, Malaysia) (2018): Annual

Methods (brief)

• conditions as the main cause of the mortality. In the seawater were collected at 0.5 m below the surface using
• Philippines, the mass mortality of green mussels in Samar a 2 L water sampler (Wildco, USA). The water samples
• Orale, 2017). In Thailand, low concentrations of dissolved (filtered) within 24 hours of collection. The water samples
• (for each station) were collected in the investigated area, on the number of empty shells removed from the cage
• sampled monthly from each station during each sampling with 569.9 mm, 498.2 mm and 519.0 mm, respectively

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, predatory (tuna, swordfish, shark, king mackerel)
• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Aluminum

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.