Overview
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Key numbers
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- 16.1% soils are contaminated with different heavy metals including 2.1% Cu contaminated soils (11).
- range of organic and inorganic contaminants (11,28,30). In this regard, phytoextraction is a type of
- sterilization using 1% (w/v) sodium hypochlorite for 15 min followed by washing with distilled water
- (99% purity). Citric acid (CA) (2 mM) was also added having Cu concentrations and experiment was
- For chlorophyll content analysis, 0.1 g of fresh leaf sample was extracted with 8 mL of 95% acetone
- solution (pH 7.8) containing 1% polyethylene pyrrole. The homogenate was centrifuged at 10,000×
- Proline contents were determined by using (0.1 g) homogenate in 3% of aqueous sulphosalicylic
- of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), 0.1 mL of 1% H2 O2 , and 0.1 mL of 4% guaiacol solution was
- Small sections of the leaves (1–3 mm in length) were fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde (v/v) in 0.2 mol/L
- SPB (sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2) for 6–8 h and post-fixed in 1% OsO4 for 1 h, then in 0.2 mol/L
- SPB (pH 7.2) for 1–2 h. Samples were dehydrated in a graded ethanol series (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%,
- and 33.1% reduction, respectively, as compared to control. The application of CA in the nutrient
- with the application of CA i.e., 2 mM exhibited 40.3%, 18.1%, 40.8%, and 33.3% increase in plant height,
- Table 1. Effect of citric acid (CA) application on plant growth, biomass and photosynthetic pigments of
- The given values are means ± SD (n =3). One-way ANOVA was performed and means differences were tested
- by least significant difference LSD (P < 0.05). Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant difference
- total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of C. capsularis are presented in Table 1. These results revealed
- C. capsularis. The increase in total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents was 43.8% and 9.5% in 100 µM
- cause 51.2%, 38.4%, 21.4%, and 8.4% increase in Pn, Tr, Gs, and Ci, respectively, when compared with
- grown under 100 µM Cu treated with CA significantly increase Pn, Tr, Gs, and Ci by 50%, 59.3%, 20%,
- and 100 µM) in the nutrient solution increased MDA contents by 108.5% and 228.5%, respectively,
- and increased proline contents by 51.2% and 77.5%, respectively, compared to the treatment without Cu
- contents and decreased by 27.1% and 10.7%, respectively, at 100 µM with the application of CA,
- (SD; n = 3). One-way ANOVA was performed and means differences were tested by LSD (p < 0.05).
- standard deviation (SD; n = 3). One-way ANOVA was performed and means differences were tested
- (Figure increased by 476.1%
- solution increasedµM).MDA contents by 108.5%
- and 228.5%, respectively, and increased proline contents by 51.2% and 77.5%, respectively, compared
- increasing 10.7%, respectively,
- were observed at Cu level of 100 μM which was increased by 476.1% and 106.8% compared to the
- of Cu was (0.83) (Table
- (0.70) in the shoots (Table 2). Cu uptake was highest in the roots than shoots while
- supplementation of CA. Values are demonstrated as means of three replicates along with standard deviation (SD; n = 3).
- deviation ANOVAn =3).was performed
- in (Table 2).C.It was
- exhibited maximum contribution and accounted for 91.9% of the total variance
- contributed 80.5%, while PC2 contributed 11.4%, accordingly. All of the 6 treatments were dispersed in the dataset. Of
- which, PC1 contributed 80.5%, while PC2 contributed 11.4%, accordingly. All
- the growth and biomass of C. capsularis seedlings under Cu stress (Table 1). Results of the present study
Methods (brief)
- Aasma Parveen 1,† , Muhammad Hamzah Saleem 2,† , Muhammad Kamran 3 ,
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; aasmaparveen452@gmail.com (A.P.);
- The seeds of jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) used in the current study were collected from Bast
- samples were oven-dried for 72 h at 65 ◦ C and thereafter plant dry weight was measured until the dry
- weight became constant. These dried samples were grounded into powdered form in a stainless-steel
- mortar and pestle for further analysis. The leaves were also collected for assessing enzymatic activity,
- For chlorophyll content analysis, 0.1 g of fresh leaf sample was extracted with 8 mL of 95% acetone
- methionine, and 100 µL enzyme extract. Finally, the sample was measured by using spectrophotometer
- Dried root and shoot (leaves and stems) samples were ground in a stainless-steel mill and passed
- through a 0.1-mm nylon sieve for Cu analysis. Briefly, 0.1 g of dried sample was digested in
- paper and analysed for Cu content by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (240FS-AA; Agilent).
- SPB (pH 7.2) for 1–2 h. Samples were dehydrated in a graded ethanol series (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%,
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