tance of vegetables. The first, offering infants a high variety of vegetables at weaning,

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

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• Vegetable Acceptance from 5 Months to 6
• Andrea Maier-Nöth1¤, Benoist Schaal2,3,4, Peter Leathwood1, Sylvie Issanchou2,3,4*
• a11111 des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000, Dijon, France, 3 INRA, UMR1324 Centre des Sciences
• du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000, Dijon, France, 4 Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Centre des
• Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, F-21000, Dijon, France
• Issanchou S (2016) The Lasting Influences of Early
• Study of Vegetable Acceptance from 5 Months to 6 need to identify strategies that can successfully promote better acceptance of vegetables.
• Years in Two Populations. PLoS ONE 11(3): Recently, experimental studies have reported promising interventions that increase accep-
• e0151356. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151356
• disliked vegetable at 8 subsequent meals markedly increased acceptance for that vegeta-
• Received: October 6, 2015 ble. So far, these effects have been shown to persist for at least several weeks. We now
• Published: March 11, 2016 3y) and experimental (6y) approaches. At 15 months, participants who had been breast-fed
• Copyright: © 2016 Maier-Nöth et al. This is an open
• Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits and eaten by 79% of the children. At 3 years, the initially disliked vegetable was still liked
• unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any and eaten by 73% of the children. At 6 years, observations in an experimental setting
• groups. The initially disliked vegetable was still liked by 57% of children. This follow-up
• PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0151356 March 11, 2016 1 / 17
• infants more rapidly accepted a new vegetable than formula-fed infants (6–8), and experience
• ONE policies on sharing data and materials. a few weeks later (7, 9). If these effects lasted for months and years then they might provide
• Breastfeeding is also associated with positive effects on later eating patterns (10–17). Breast-
• (18). Besides this specific flavor-learning effect, breastmilk per se seems to favor acceptance of
• high variety of vegetable purées at the onset of complementary feeding lasted for at least 2
• months (7). Breastfeeding and early experience with flavor variety at the very beginning of
• that vegetable (8, 19, 20). For example, offering a new vegetable on 10 consecutive days to 4–6
• month old infants led to a marked increase in intake between the first and the 10th day (8).
• Parents asked to get their child to taste a previously disliked vegetable each day for 14 days
• reported a marked increase in liking for, and consumption of, the target vegetable (20). Simi-
• larly, when a well-liked vegetable and an initially disliked vegetable were given to 7-month-old
• infants on alternate days over 16 days, by the 8th exposure to each, intake and liking of the two
• were similar (19). Nine months later, most of the infants were still consuming and liking the
• previously disliked vegetable (19). This persistence of increased acceptance was confirmed in
• children aged between 15 and 56 months, where repeated exposure to a new vegetable
• increased its intake 1 month and 6 months later. The effect of repeated exposure was more
• dren (21). Moreover, repeated exposure was sufficient to increase intake of a novel vegetable,
• infants who participated in the two earlier studies described above (7, 19). The objective was to
• evaluate the persistence of increased acceptance of vegetables at about 15 months, 3 and 6
• PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0151356 March 11, 2016 2 / 17
• bles offered and the number of vegetables eaten and liked by the child. At 6 years of age, con-
• ing should (a) accept more vegetables later on and (b) accept new vegetables more readily; (2)
• In the initial study there were 147 mother-infant dyads; 75 from Aalen in Germany and 72
• from Dijon in France (7). Infants’ age at the start of the study was 5.2±0.1 months (mean ± stan-
• Drop outs at these three time-points were fewer in Aalen (19%, 24%, and 41%) than in Dijon

Methods (brief)

• included only the results for the sub-sample of children participating at each of the 3 follow-up
• Table 1. Characteristics of the Dijon sample split by mode of milk feeding and variety exposure group.
• Information about foods offered and food acceptance was collected using parent-completed
• Table 2. Characteristics of the Aalen sample split by mode of milk feeding and variety exposure group.
• pated were representative samples of those who took part in the initial study (S1 Fig).
• considerable practical implications. As noted earlier with a large US sample (38), a majority of
• data collected when the infants were weanlings, but using only those infants who later on par-
• intervention for the initial sample and for the samples of infants participating at each fol-
• the initial sample, p = 0.06 at follow-up 1, p = 0.05 at follow-up 2 and p = 0.09 at follow-up 3).
• S1 Table. Chi-2 values for the comparisons of the Dijon and Aalen samples of children par-
• ticipating at each follow-up with the initial sample of children in terms of frequency for

Implications

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Wiki pages this source may touch

• Mixed Meals / Prepared Foods
• Lead
• Aluminum
• Tin

Verification notes

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• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

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