Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of Agronomy,

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• Jiri Mlcek1*, Otakar Rop2†, Marie Borkovcova3, Martina Bednarova4
• Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Zlin, CZ-76272, Czech Republic
• Department of Gastronomy, College of Business and Hotel Management, Brno, CZ-62500, Czech Republic
• Mendel University in Brno, Brno, CZ-61300 Czech Republic
• Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, CZ-61300 Czech Republic
• INTRODUCTION ories, vitamins and minerals per year (MacEvilly, 2000). But
• due to many ways of their exploitation (e.g. Cerritos, 2011; insects as food, like any other food hunting and collecting ac-
• Chae et al., 2012; Fontaneto et al., 2011; Mariod, 2011; Pre- tivities, has the potential to become a threat to both the target
• malatha et al., 2011; FAO, 2012). Many articles deal with species and the environment. Ramos-Elorduy (2006) for ex-
• insects in relation to developing countries, harvesting insects ample reported that the populations of some of the 30 edible
• art, 1992; Ramos-Elorduy et al., 2011), as in some cultures, because of over exploitation and this situation has led to
• a poor-man’s subsistence (Katayama et al., 2008a). However, sects in kitchen, even with the villagers. Furthermore, poten-
• ated as palatable and tasty (Bukkens, 2005; Nonaka, 2009), of chemicals due to frequent usage of pesticides, which also
• and their popularity is also increasing in Westernized coun- applies to some other parts of the world (Banjo et al., 2006).
• tries as a new, interesting food item (Comby, 1990; Menzel & From this point of view it is obvious that especially in Eu-
• D’Aluisio, 1998; Paoletti, 2005; Bednářová et al., 2013). rope it is not possible to collect insects for eating purposes
• ues of edible insects are often marginalized, more than 1500 of entomophagy in Europe and state the species usable to
• species of edible insects in 300 ethnic groups in 113 countries such purpose.
• some ethnic groups insects provide 5–10% of protein, fat, cal- in general, and the species bred in Europe for a long time.
• © 2014 Author(s). This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License
• (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
• 148 Edible Insects as Food in Europe
• TABLE 1. List of insect species commonly bred in Europe (Comby, 1990).
• or because of disgust (Borkovcová et al., 2009). The colo-
• Acheta domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Yen, 2009). The impact of globalization and the fascination
• Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758) among a large cross-section of population towards fast-food
• Bombyx mori (Linnaeus, 1758) culture has further weaned away a large number of protein-
• Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) -hungry people of the third world from what until now was
• Gryllus assimillis (Fabricius, 1775)
• Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) people are increasingly aware of the vast possibilities of using
• Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) insects as food or feed, but also their potential for a relatively
• Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal, 1775) long-term future human settlement in space. Diet problems
• Zophobas atratus (Fabricius, 1775)
• of them is at the highest level in Europe. Candidates meeting 2008 a,b). Apart from B. mori, grasshoppers are considered
• the above requirements are listed in Table 1. to become the part of the menu for space utilization, as their
• HISTORY AND FUTURE OF ENTOMOPHAGY tayama et al., 2005).
• history (Fontaneto et al., 2011). Evidence is offered by stable THE WAYS IN WHICH INSECTS ARE EATEN
• that use the C4 photosynthetic pathway are common in sub- Previously, insects were eaten alive (Ramos-Elorduy, 1996;
• tropical environments and tend to be enriched in 13C, whereas Van Huis, 2003). Later they were served in some cultures also
• trees and shrubs are richer in 12C. The 13C/12C ratio in her- cooked, roasted or boiled (either insects per se or insect addi-
• bivores therefore reflects the plants they eat, and the same ra- tives to food) or using other culinary techniques (Yen, 2010).
• nificantly enriched in 13C, indicates a diet largely composed in experimental restaurants, having totally changed the look

Methods (brief)

• of the toasted sample led to a much higher loss (64%) in the ri- of all nitrogenous substances (Finke, 2004).
• boflavin content as compared to the fresh dried sample (46%).
• samples under similar processing conditions. The rate of the vi- Mostly, the fat content of edible insects is between 10–50%.
• ‘‘harder’’ cuticles do not seem to contain significantly more tography (HPLC) of larval and pupal stages of the honey bee
• 20% (Goodman, 1989; Chen et al., 2009). more than 3.7 billion people suffering from malnutrition,
• 395–399. 46. Goodman W.G., Chitin: A Magic Bullet? Food Insenct. Newsl.,

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
• Lead
• Nickel
• Aluminum

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.