Heavy metals in Fish fingers

Quick read

Fish fingers in the HMI library has 50 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury, methylmercury, nickel, chromium and uranium from 5 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Naess S, Aakre I, Lundebye AK, Ornsrud R, Kjellevold M, Markhus MW, Dahl L · 2020Mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium in Norwegian seafood products and consumer exposureFood Additives & Contaminants: Part BRead source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{5German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) · 2024Methylmercury in fish and seafood – health risk assessment of new data from the BfR MEAL studyBfR Opinion 023/2024Read source →}

Metals measured:
Lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury and methylmercury and others, in 50 results from 5 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Naess S, Aakre I, Lundebye AK, Ornsrud R, Kjellevold M, Markhus MW, Dahl L · 2020Mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium in Norwegian seafood products and consumer exposureFood Additives & Contaminants: Part BRead source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}
Main drivers:
Form, basis and where the fish fingers was sampled; reporting limits decide how many results are non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Naess S, Aakre I, Lundebye AK, Ornsrud R, Kjellevold M, Markhus MW, Dahl L · 2020Mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium in Norwegian seafood products and consumer exposureFood Additives & Contaminants: Part BRead source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}
Practical framing:
Ask for lot results with a quantification limit well below the limit that applies in the destination market.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Naess S, Aakre I, Lundebye AK, Ornsrud R, Kjellevold M, Markhus MW, Dahl L · 2020Mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium in Norwegian seafood products and consumer exposureFood Additives & Contaminants: Part BRead source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}

Fish fingers overview

Fish fingers in the HMI library has 50 reported results for lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury, methylmercury, nickel, chromium and uranium from 5 sources.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Naess S, Aakre I, Lundebye AK, Ornsrud R, Kjellevold M, Markhus MW, Dahl L · 2020Mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium in Norwegian seafood products and consumer exposureFood Additives & Contaminants: Part BRead source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{5German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) · 2024Methylmercury in fish and seafood – health risk assessment of new data from the BfR MEAL studyBfR Opinion 023/2024Read source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in fish fingers, as sold from 169 results in 3 reporting regions, with a subgroup median of 2.8 µg/kg.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} In the US Total Diet Study, fish fingers, cooked had a median lead result below 4 µg/kg across 3 composites from 2018–2020.^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

Spungen et al. 2024 reported lead at 2.7 µg/kg (mean) in fish fingers, cooked from all samples.^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →} Across 2 other studies of ordinary farms and markets, reported cadmium means and medians on an as-sold or fresh-weight basis ranged from 6 µg/kg (Naess et al. 2020) to 12 µg/kg (Spungen et al. 2024).^{3Naess S, Aakre I, Lundebye AK, Ornsrud R, Kjellevold M, Markhus MW, Dahl L · 2020Mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium in Norwegian seafood products and consumer exposureFood Additives & Contaminants: Part BRead source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}

For a buyer the practical points are the form bought, the basis a result is reported on, where the fish fingers came from and the laboratory’s reporting limit. Testing finds contamination but does not remove it.

What counts as fish fingers

This page covers fish fingers in 2 forms kept separate in every comparison: fish fingers, as sold (41 results) and fish fingers, cooked (9 results).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Naess S, Aakre I, Lundebye AK, Ornsrud R, Kjellevold M, Markhus MW, Dahl L · 2020Mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium in Norwegian seafood products and consumer exposureFood Additives & Contaminants: Part BRead source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{5German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) · 2024Methylmercury in fish and seafood – health risk assessment of new data from the BfR MEAL studyBfR Opinion 023/2024Read source →}

Results stay on the basis each source reports: as sold or fresh weight, dry weight, or unstated. Dry-weight, as-sold and unstated results are never pooled, and no moisture conversion is applied.

Heavy metal contamination profile of fish fingers

The table holds every extracted fish fingers result: one row for each statistic a source reports for a form, group and metal, 50 rows in all, grouped by metal and form; percentiles, ranges and maxima for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Naess S, Aakre I, Lundebye AK, Ornsrud R, Kjellevold M, Markhus MW, Dahl L · 2020Mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium in Norwegian seafood products and consumer exposureFood Additives & Contaminants: Part BRead source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →}^{5German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) · 2024Methylmercury in fish and seafood – health risk assessment of new data from the BfR MEAL studyBfR Opinion 023/2024Read source →} Monitoring medians are HMI calculations from individual submissions; non-detects remain intervals between zero and the reporting limit and are never read as zero.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

18 rows can be rated against an HMI reference for the same form and basis, 0 rows have a direct same-study comparison, and the rest stay unrated with the reason recorded.

Comparison methods and scope

Each row is one statistic a source reports for one form of fish fingers, group and metal; percentiles, ranges and maxima reported for the same samples as a mean or median are shown on that row. Different forms and preparation states are kept apart, and dry-weight results never share a reference with as-sold or fresh-weight results. Ratings place a result against an HMI reference built from monitoring results and ordinary-setting medians for the same form and basis. Same-study contrasts compare a contaminated or treated site with its control, targeted with random sampling, a prepared form with the unprocessed one, or one group of a study with the median of its other groups. Held rows failed a check against their own source and are shown but not compared.

About this table

Food formCollection scopeFindingComparisonEvidence

Fish fingers findings from monitoring programmes, total diet studies and every extracted field, market and contaminated-site study, in µg/kg with each source’s form, basis, statistic and censoring retained.
Food form	Collection scope	Finding (µg/kg)

7 findings · 2 studies
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2004–2019	median.
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2013	median.
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2006–2017	median.
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2017	median.
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2000–2017	median.
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2009–2016	median.
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2015-2018 market sampling, all samples2015–2018	not detected.
2 findings · 2 studies
Fish fingers, cookedFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fish fingers, cookedSpungen et al. 2024	all samples2018–2020	mean.

8 findings · 2 studies · 3 spread figures folded in
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2004–2019	median.
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2013	median.
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2016–2017	median.
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2005	median.
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	PAHO2003–2017	median.
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2015 market sampling2015–2018	mean.Same samples: 5–6 µg/kg (range)
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2015 market sampling2015–2018	range.
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2017 market sampling2015–2018	mean.Same samples: 5–7 µg/kg (range)
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2017 market sampling2015–2018	range.
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2018 market sampling2015–2018	mean.Same samples: 4–9 µg/kg (range)
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2018 market sampling2015–2018	range.
2 findings · 2 studies
Fish fingers, cookedFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.
Fish fingers, cookedSpungen et al. 2024	all samples2018–2020	mean.

8 findings · 2 studies · 3 spread figures folded in
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2015	median.
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2007–2009	median.
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2017	median.
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2015–2023	median.
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	WPRO2009	median.
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2015 market sampling2015–2018	mean.Same samples: 720–1,700 µg/kg (range)
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2015 market sampling2015–2018	range.
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2017 market sampling2015–2018	mean.Same samples: 670–3,900 µg/kg (range)
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2017 market sampling2015–2018	range.
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2018 market sampling2015–2018	mean.Same samples: 750–7,500 µg/kg (range)
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2018 market sampling2015–2018	range.
1 finding · 1 study
Fish fingers, cookedFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.

1 finding · 1 study
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2020–2023	median.

6 findings · 3 studies · 3 spread figures folded in
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2004–2017	median.
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2006–2017	median.
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2015 market sampling2015–2018	mean.Same samples: 5–23 µg/kg (range)
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2015 market sampling2015–2018	range.
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2017 market sampling2015–2018	mean.Same samples: 3–21 µg/kg (range)
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2017 market sampling2015–2018	range.
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2018 market sampling2015–2018	mean.Same samples: 6–23 µg/kg (range)
Fish fingers, as soldNaess et al. 2020	2018 market sampling2015–2018	range.
Fish fingers, as soldGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) 2024	national pool2012–2021Basis not stated	sample value.
1 finding · 1 study
Fish fingers, cookedFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.

2 findings · 2 studies
Fish fingers, as soldWHO GEMS/Food	EURO2018	median.
Fish fingers, as soldGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) 2024	national pool2012–2021Basis not stated	not detected.

1 finding · 1 study
Fish fingers, cookedFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.

1 finding · 1 study
Fish fingers, cookedFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.

1 finding · 1 study
Fish fingers, cookedFDA Total Diet Study	1 collection regions2018–2020	median.

Shared dataset methods and interpretation

Source summaries retain their original statistic, material, basis and censoring. Each source drawer identifies methods and overlapping samples. No matched reference or pooled distribution is inferred.

HMI fish fingers Pb reference · Fish fingers, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fish fingers Pb reference · Fish fingers, as sold. Fish fingers, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤10	≤10	≤20
Alternative weighting	≤10	≤10	≤16

34 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	34	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fish fingers, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for fish fingers, as sold on this basis in the completed fish fingers ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fish-fingers-23181639d0a6:15a2649314c6

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fish fingers Pb reference · Fish fingers, cooked

Reference and scope

HMI fish fingers Pb reference · Fish fingers, cooked. Fish fingers, cooked; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤4	≤4	4.2
Alternative weighting	≤4	≤4	4.2

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fish fingers, cooked on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for fish fingers, cooked on this basis in the completed fish fingers ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fish-fingers-3d7302abdd09:053e7485c6f4

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fish fingers Cd reference · Fish fingers, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fish fingers Cd reference · Fish fingers, as sold. Fish fingers, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	2.5–5.5 (bounded)	7.5–8.5 (bounded)	9–10 (bounded)
Alternative weighting	3–5.5 (bounded)	8–8.5 (bounded)	10

29 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	29	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fish fingers, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for fish fingers, as sold on this basis in the completed fish fingers ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fish-fingers-6b6c792e3568:9280d100b92f

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fish fingers Cd reference · Fish fingers, cooked

Reference and scope

HMI fish fingers Cd reference · Fish fingers, cooked. Fish fingers, cooked; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	11	12	13
Alternative weighting	11	12	13

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fish fingers, cooked on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for fish fingers, cooked on this basis in the completed fish fingers ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fish-fingers-962f6611d7f9:bf6168c71f8c

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fish fingers tAs reference · Fish fingers, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fish fingers tAs reference · Fish fingers, as sold. Fish fingers, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	724	946	1270
Alternative weighting	724	946	1450

13 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	13	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fish fingers, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for fish fingers, as sold on this basis in the completed fish fingers ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fish-fingers-dcc4d231def8:3327589d3c45

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fish fingers tAs reference · Fish fingers, cooked

Reference and scope

HMI fish fingers tAs reference · Fish fingers, cooked. Fish fingers, cooked; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	650	810	810
Alternative weighting	650	810	810

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fish fingers, cooked on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for fish fingers, cooked on this basis in the completed fish fingers ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fish-fingers-c68a4a8f0a63:30535785ea5a

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fish fingers iAs reference · Fish fingers, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fish fingers iAs reference · Fish fingers, as sold. Fish fingers, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤5.8	≤11.9	≤18.1
Alternative weighting	≤5.8	≤11.9	≤18.1

2 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	2	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fish fingers, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for fish fingers, as sold on this basis in the completed fish fingers ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fish-fingers-e400b748f553:d29e24df1d94

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fish fingers tHg reference · Fish fingers, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fish fingers tHg reference · Fish fingers, as sold. Fish fingers, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	6.42–8 (bounded)	11–20 (bounded)	21.5
Alternative weighting	6–8 (bounded)	15.8–20.3 (bounded)	21.5

13 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	13	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fish fingers, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for fish fingers, as sold on this basis in the completed fish fingers ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fish-fingers-93f2751b12fa:00bdd360e902

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fish fingers tHg reference · Fish fingers, cooked

Reference and scope

HMI fish fingers tHg reference · Fish fingers, cooked. Fish fingers, cooked; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	5.6	6	9.8
Alternative weighting	5.6	6	9.8

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fish fingers, cooked on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for fish fingers, cooked on this basis in the completed fish fingers ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fish-fingers-83e330bf40de:100ca49ecfe2

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fish fingers MeHg reference · Fish fingers, as sold

Reference and scope

HMI fish fingers MeHg reference · Fish fingers, as sold. Fish fingers, as sold; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤3	≤3	≤3
Alternative weighting	≤3	≤3	≤3

1 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
WHO GEMS/Food	1	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fish fingers, as sold on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

WHO GEMS/Food is the only compatible sampling family for fish fingers, as sold on this basis in the completed fish fingers ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

WHO GEMS/Food

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fish-fingers-5a9493b3c967:768f9607aac9

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fish fingers Ni reference · Fish fingers, cooked

Reference and scope

HMI fish fingers Ni reference · Fish fingers, cooked. Fish fingers, cooked; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	89	110	140
Alternative weighting	89	110	140

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fish fingers, cooked on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for fish fingers, cooked on this basis in the completed fish fingers ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fish-fingers-8f922cb3c5d6:30503c7c2581

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fish fingers Cr reference · Fish fingers, cooked

Reference and scope

HMI fish fingers Cr reference · Fish fingers, cooked. Fish fingers, cooked; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	200	200	400
Alternative weighting	200	200	400

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fish fingers, cooked on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for fish fingers, cooked on this basis in the completed fish fingers ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fish-fingers-7e4a622da625:257cc102b174

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

HMI fish fingers U reference · Fish fingers, cooked

Reference and scope

HMI fish fingers U reference · Fish fingers, cooked. Fish fingers, cooked; As sold, as eaten or fresh weight, µg/kg; no moisture conversion. Distribution of subgroup median concentration values.

Reference (µg/kg)	Q1	Median	Q3
Primary HMI reference	≤1	1.1	1.6
Alternative weighting	≤1	1.1	1.6

3 reference units; 1 sampling family. Counts describe evidence units, not independent studies or certainty.

Contributing family	Reference units	Weight
FDA Total Diet Study	3	100%

Methods

HMI pools subgroup medians for fish fingers, cooked on a as sold, as eaten or fresh weight basis: monitoring results summarized as one median per reporting region, sampling type and collection year, total diet composites and printed sample values as single observations, and printed subgroup medians from ordinary farms or markets. Each sampling family has equal total weight. Non-detects stay as zero-to-limit intervals, so quartiles carry lower and upper bounds. Means, ranges and maxima never enter as observations. Other forms, other bases, targeted sampling and results from mining, industrial, wastewater-affected, experimental, fertiliser or manufacturer settings are kept out of this reference.

Inverse weighted empirical CDF; midpoint at exact cumulative-weight boundaries. At least four reference units and a definitely positive Q1 to Q3 spread are required. This is a display eligibility rule, not statistical validation.

Limitations

FDA Total Diet Study is the only compatible sampling family for fish fingers, cooked on this basis in the completed fish fingers ledger, so this single-family reference cannot represent other markets. Reporting regions and purchase markets are not growing areas. Non-detects with differing limits widen the bounds. A position is descriptive concentration, not a safety or compliance judgment.

Admitted source families

FDA Total Diet Study

Reference version and interpretation

Frozen evidence selection: 2026-10-22. Method: hmi-pooled-reference-v2.

hmi-pooled-reference-v2:fish-fingers-be63bb9d03ef:8970d919bd9d

The reference is computed by HMI from admitted evidence, not copied from a study baseline. It describes the evidence currently in this scope; it is not a worldwide or current-lot benchmark. Source, year and region filters do not change it. Different HMI scopes are not one common ranking.

How metals reach fish fingers

No study in the library compared fish fingers from contaminated and ordinary settings, so the routes by which metals reach it are not measured here.

Which forms and regions measured lower

The HMI reference for lead in fish fingers, as sold pools 34 subgroup units from 1 sampling family, with a median of below 10 µg/kg and a middle half spanning below 10 (lower quartile) and below 20 µg/kg (upper quartile).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For cadmium in fish fingers, as sold, the reference median was between 7.5 and 8.5 µg/kg, with a middle half from between 2.5 and 5.5 to between 9 and 10 µg/kg across 29 units.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For total arsenic in fish fingers, as sold, the reference median was 946 µg/kg, with a middle half from 724 to 1,270 µg/kg across 13 units.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Among GEMS/Food reporting regions, fish fingers, as sold had the lowest cadmium subgroup median in PAHO (9 µg/kg) and the highest in EURO (12 µg/kg); reporting regions are markets, not growing areas.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For total arsenic, the lowest regional median was in EURO (268 µg/kg) and the highest in EURO (1,450 µg/kg).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Processing, cooking and preparation

No processing study for metals in this food is in the library yet.

Mitigation for fish fingers

Lot testing against the applicable limit is the check that can be verified.

No measured way to lower metals in this food is in the library yet.

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Metals do not move together, so a lot that passes a lead limit says little about cadmium, arsenic or nickel unless those are tested as well.

Testing fish fingers for metals

Results depend on the method and its reporting limit. Reporting limits for lead ranged from 2 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food) to 3,000 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} Reporting limits for cadmium ranged from 1 µg/kg (FDA Total Diet Study) to 10 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →} Reporting limits for total arsenic ranged from 2 µg/kg (WHO GEMS/Food) to 3 µg/kg (FDA Total Diet Study), so a non-detect from a less sensitive method says much less.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}

A useful lot result names the form, the basis and a quantification limit well below the limit that applies.

Buying and verifying fish fingers

No maximum level for metals in fish fingers was verified from primary text for this page; buyers should confirm the limit that applies in the destination market.

Exposure from fish fingers

No source in the library converted fish fingers concentrations into a verified estimate of intake for a defined population. Concentrations describe the food, not individual risk.

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Every source record that names fish fingers was decided on its content: 5 occurrence extracted, 5 records in all. The occurrence table renders every extracted result; held values remain visible with their reason.

References identify the sources used in these answers. The Sources index preserves additional discovery links; inclusion there does not mean a source has been reviewed for this assessment. Corrections, completed searches, new direct evidence and changes in requirements should reopen the relevant answer.

Fish fingers FAQs

What heavy metals are found in fish fingers?

The library reports lead, cadmium, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, total mercury, methylmercury, nickel, chromium and uranium in fish fingers, most often lead, cadmium and total arsenic.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}^{2U.S. Food and Drug Administration · 2022FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsFDA Total Diet StudyRead source →}^{3Naess S, Aakre I, Lundebye AK, Ornsrud R, Kjellevold M, Markhus MW, Dahl L · 2020Mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium in Norwegian seafood products and consumer exposureFood Additives & Contaminants: Part BRead source →}^{4Spungen JH, et al. · 2024Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Food Additives & Contaminants: Part ARead source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported lead in fish fingers, as sold from 169 results in 3 reporting regions, with a subgroup median of 2.8 µg/kg.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

Which regions report the lowest levels in fish fingers?

Among GEMS/Food reporting regions, fish fingers, as sold had the lowest cadmium subgroup median in PAHO (9 µg/kg) and the highest in EURO (12 µg/kg); reporting regions are markets, not growing areas.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} For total arsenic, the lowest regional median was in EURO (268 µg/kg) and the highest in EURO (1,450 µg/kg).^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

How much of the arsenic in fish fingers is inorganic?

Inorganic arsenic, the more toxic form, was measured in 1 result from 1 source, far fewer than total arsenic.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →} WHO GEMS/Food submissions reported inorganic arsenic in fish fingers, as sold from 2 results in 1 reporting region, with subgroup medians below 11.9 µg/kg, mostly non-detects.^{1World Health Organization · 2026GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsGEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment ProgrammeRead source →}

References

Works cited on this page, in citation-number order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to a source record with bibliographic details, reported findings, and document provenance.

GEMS/Food Contaminants database heavy-metal exportsWorld Health Organization · GEMS/Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme · 2026 · extranet.who.intDataset
FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsU.S. Food and Drug Administration · FDA Total Diet Study · 2022 · www.fda.govDataset
Mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium in Norwegian seafood products and consumer exposureNaess S, Aakre I, Lundebye AK, Ornsrud R, Kjellevold M, Markhus MW, et al. · Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B · 2020 · doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2020.1735533Peer-reviewed
Infants’ and young children’s dietary exposures to lead and cadmium: FDA total diet study 2018-2020Spungen JH and et al. · Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A · 2024 · doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2024.2396910Peer-reviewed
Methylmercury in fish and seafood – health risk assessment of new data from the BfR MEAL studyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) · BfR Opinion 023/2024 · 2024 · doi.org/10.17590/20240626-094256-0Government

Sources

Browse Fish fingers Sources for sources cited on this page and additional discovery candidates. The searchable index distinguishes verified citation use from discovery relationships whose relevance has not been established.

Update history

22 October 2026: Rebuilt from every fish fingers record in the library: 5 occurrence sources, references by form and basis, same-study contrasts.

Referenced by

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Food and Drug Administration

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Food Additives

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Heavy metals in Fish fingers

Fish fingers overview

What counts as fish fingers

Heavy metal contamination profile of fish fingers

How metals reach fish fingers

Which forms and regions measured lower

Processing, cooking and preparation

Mitigation for fish fingers

Trade-offs and limits of controls

Testing fish fingers for metals

Buying and verifying fish fingers

Exposure from fish fingers

Evidence review and remaining gaps

Fish fingers FAQs

References

Sources

Update history

Related ingredients

Referenced by

Graph View