Overview
Souto and colleagues reviewed 2015 to 2025 literature on sources, occurrence, health risks and analytical methods for lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in milk and dairy products. All concentrations are quoted from other studies, so the findings extraction is context only.
Key numbers
- No primary measurements; occurrence values in Table 3 belong to the cited studies.
- Reference values from EPA, EFSA and JECFA are summarized for the four elements.
Methods (brief)
Integrative literature review with stated inclusion criteria (English, full text, 2015 to 2025).
Evidence Fitness
Context only (evidence tier C). It reprints data from other papers and must not be used as an occurrence source; cite the primary studies instead. It was pulled for reduced-fat-milk and macaroni-and-cheese but gives no primary data for either.