Overview
This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.
Key numbers
The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:
- Environ Monit Assess (2024) 196:538
- demands may be counterproductive to the goal of concentrations of heavy metals like Cr (0.20 mg/kg),
- food security. This study investigated the effect of Cu (3.91 mg/kg), Ni (0.33 mg/kg), and Zn (20.44 mg/
- als (Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in two types of veg- (90.89 mg/kg) and Pb (0.16 mg/kg) recorded in let-
- randomized block design, with different soil treat- old value of 1 in both vegetables, except in lettuce
- (SS), soil + chemical fertilizer (nitrogen-phosphorus- treatments, with BAF values of 1.6, 1.69, and 1.39,
- The vegetables were harvested at maturity, washed well below the unacceptable maximum range of 10−4
- try (ICP-MS). The mean concentrations of the metals the threshold values of 1 for all heavy metals; how-
- in the vegetables across all treatments were below the ever, the hazard index (HI) values of 1.27 and 1.58 for
- Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965,
- 538 Page 2 of 15 Environ Monit Assess (2024) 196:538
- nutrient setting of crops (Hamdi et al., 2019). Like-
- and food preferences for an active and healthy life crops (Liu et al., 2017; Siedt et al., 2021).
- (FAO et al., 2021). However, challenges to food secu- However, the application of organic manure can
- ertheless, the demand for food has continued to sky- 2013). Similarly, dungs from animals that have
- ing application of chemical fertilizers and organic tion in agricultural soil (Aylaj et al., 2019; Goss et al.,
- manures in the production of food crops. 2013).
- activities. Agricultural practices, especially soil man- can lead to serious health hazard (Zhou et al., 2016).
- ties that contribute to the environmental accumula- Research on Cancer (Lyon, 2010; Pipoyan et al.,
- tion of heavy metals (Goss et al., 2013; Kumar Bhatt 2020). Apart from carcinogenic diseases, the list of
- et al., 2019; Vácha, 2021). health hazards associated with heavy metals includes
- major source of environmental pollution such as soil ductive diseases (Esposito et al., 2019; He et al.,
- and groundwater acidification, salination, and alga 2022). Also, exposure to high doses of heavy metals
- Mathur, 2020; Cui & Shoemaker, 2018; Singh et al., and lung damage (Taiwo et al., 2022). The ability of
- 2020). Also, repeated and consistent application of heavy metals to bioaccumulate in plants has become
- lation of heavy metals in crop soil (Jiao et al., 2012; cation on humans who may become exposed to high
- Khan et al., 2018). This has led to a substantial para- concentrations through food chain (Adani et al., 2022;
- digm shift to the use of organic manures because of Olowoyo et al., 2012).
- in turn aids nutrient solubility and availability to plant 2019; Guadie et al., 2021). Fresh produce like Lac-
- (Kumar Bhatt et al., 2019). It is also believed that tuca sativa and Daucus carrota subsequently referred
- et al., 2013). Furthermore, organic manure like sew- their many nutritional and health benefits (Ansorena
- age sludge is reportedly rich in macronutrients that et al., 2012; Cruz et al., 2014). These vegetables have
- Environ Monit Assess (2024) 196:538 Page 3 of 15 538
- nutrients (Gupta et al., 2005; Uusiku et al., 2010). ductivity, and plant species, in addition to the concen-
- South Africa is classified as self-sufficient in the tration of elements in the soil (Aina et al., 2019; Khan
- production of lettuce and carrot, that is, they produce et al., 2014). Therefore, the current study assessed the
- latest 10-year data profile report on the vegetable als by vegetables. We hypothesized that vegetables
- that South Africa consumes an average of 30,636 on chemical fertilizer treated soil. The objectives are
- and 174,717 tons of lettuce and carrot, respectively to compare the heavy metal concentrations in differ-
- (DALRRD, 2021a, 2021b). The data also show that ent types of vegetables, and from different soil treat-
- two vegetables, they nonetheless represent about 0.1% associated health hazard that may emanate from their
- vegetables (Głąbska et al., 2020). Some of the health Pretoria, one of the cities in Tshwane Metropoli-
Methods (brief)
- try (ICP-MS). The mean concentrations of the metals the threshold values of 1 for all heavy metals; how-
- overdose ingestion of these metals from food crops sewage sludge was collected from Daspoort Sew-
- Evidence from literatures suggests that there is no The cow dung was collected from the livestock
- The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer with Corresponding soil samples from a depth of 0–20
- a weight distribution of N2P3K2, i.e., 40% nitrogen, cm were collected using a steel hand auger and sub-
- by Omina Fertilizers Johannesburg, South Africa, dried samples were homogenized with a ceramic
- done using a total of 96 pots divided into two equal digestion of the samples. The acid or wet digestion
- (NPK), and untreated soil (UNTRD)). The soil quan- g of the finely ground sample, heated for 20 min on
- adapted from previous studies by Aina et al. (2018) The digested sample was transferred into a 50-ml
- weight of amendments used was compared to the rec- pled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS) Nexion 300X,
- germination. The plants were exposed to the same The ICP-MS was calibrated using multielement
- ing, and reduce experimental bias of soil properties calibration solution was prepared using ICP-MS
- Sample preparation and digestion process results, the NIST CRM 1640 was used as reference
- The vegetables were harvested at maturity of 60 and calculated. The limit of detection (LOD) and recovery
- Element Observed Certified LOD % of recovery (Latif et al., 2018). The AT is the average lifespan
- Health risk assessment samples
- risk exposure (Eq. 4). carrot, and corresponding soil samples are presented
- Treatments Samples Trace metals (mg/kg)
Implications
This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.
Wiki pages this source may touch
Verification notes
- Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing
wiki/sources/pages before creation. - Full-PDF read:
pdftotext -layoutwas run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written. - Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
- Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
- HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.
Update history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.