Strategies to manage the risk of heavy metal(loid)

Overview

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Key numbers

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• Table 1 Risks of heavy metal(loid) contamination in soils mitigation options
• toxic elements from soils to the edible parts of food crops, vegetables each contribute 10% to 12% of the total Cd
• the phytotoxicity barrier(5). Some elements (e.g., Cr(III), contributes about 60% of the dietary intake of inorganic As
• solubility in soils and can also be translocated to plant As(13–19). In some areas the range and mean values
• yields (Table 1), and this also makes them less likely to Japan(19,20). The maximum permissible limit of Cd in rice
• rice grain than inorganic Hg(8) (Table 1). metal(loid)s in soil
• contributes 56% of the total dietary intake of Cd for the of the key factors affecting Cd bioavailability is soil pH.
• general population in China, and up to 65% for the On average across a range of soils studied, Cd solubility
• A paired soil-plant survey shows that the median Cd 4 Breeding or engineering crop cultivars
• tions(23). Soil acidification is one of the important reasons (Table 1).
• soils (Table 1). Other materials may also be used to high accumulation of Cd in rice grain(40,43–45). Strong
• mobilized under anaerobic conditions in submerged paddy was reduced by about 50%(46). QTLs for low Cd and for
• arsenite(26–28). Growing rice under aerobic conditions can vegetables; strong alleles of BrHMA3 can be used to breed
• decrease grain As concentrations by more than 10-fold low Cd Brassica vegetables(48). Breeding low As rice
• (Table 1). Paddy water management can be an effective number of key genes controlling As uptake and transloca-
• behaviors of As and Cd mean that managing the risks of As both Mn and Cd(51), using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing
• Applications of silicon fertilizers and materials rich in more than 90%(52). Overexpression of functional OsHMA3
• and Cd(6) (Table 1). However, more field studies are grain by more than 90%(40,53). Overexpression of a rice
• cadmium intake from rice and vegetables and potential health risk: a 29. Xu X Y, McGrath S P, Meharg A A, Zhao F J. Growing rice

Methods (brief)

• reports that 16% of the soil samples collected from 8 km 
• limit their translocation to the aboveground tissues. Some grain samples collected from some areas in southern China
• of Cd concentration in rice grains collected from different There are large variations within crop germplasm in the
• archived samples shows very high concentrations of As in contamination in China: current status and mitigation strategies.

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, predatory (tuna, swordfish, shark, king mackerel)
• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Mercury
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Arsenic
• Nickel
• Chromium

Verification notes

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• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
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Update history

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