This review synthesizes oxidative-stress and physiological responses to pesticides and heavy metals in stingless bees. Its copper-sulfate evidence concerns laboratory bee exposure and pollinator health; it supplies no honey concentration or human exposure measurement.
Key numbers
18 studies included. The copper-sulfate row (Bernardes 2022) lists five oral-exposure concentrations: 5000, 1666.7, 554.2, 183.4, 58.4µg/mL CuSO4, not elementalCu. No numericLC 50 or antioxidant-effect magnitude is reproduced for that study.
Methods (brief)
Web of Science and Scopus searches via CAPES, duplicate removal and title/abstract/full-text screening. Included empirical Meliponini studies assessing contaminant exposure and oxidative-stress biomarkers; qualitative synthesis rather than pooled effect-size analysis. Search dates and full reproducible search strings are not supplied.
Implications
Supports pollinator ecotoxicology and metal/pesticide stress-pathway context. Reported copper effects include mortality, locomotion, midgut damage and oxidative/apoptotic responses; do not extrapolate these endpoints to human health or honey contamination.
Evidence Fitness: EF-3 for qualitative secondary ecotoxicology and source discovery. Retrieve the cited copper study before species-specific quantitative interpretation.
Related evidence
Update history
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