This review synthesizes oxidative-stress and physiological responses to pesticides and heavy metals in stingless bees. Its copper-sulfate evidence concerns laboratory bee exposure and pollinator health; it supplies no honey concentration or human exposure measurement.
Key numbers
18 studies included. The copper-sulfate row (Bernardes 2022) lists five oral-exposure concentrations: 5000, 1666.7, 554.2, 183.4, 58.4µg/mL CuSO4, not elementalCu. No numericLC 50 or antioxidant-effect magnitude is reproduced for that study.
Methods (brief)
Web of Science and Scopus searches via CAPES, duplicate removal and title/abstract/full-text screening. Included empirical Meliponini studies assessing contaminant exposure and oxidative-stress biomarkers; qualitative synthesis rather than pooled effect-size analysis. Search dates and full reproducible search strings are not supplied.
Implications
Supports pollinator ecotoxicology and metal/pesticide stress-pathway context. Reported copper effects include mortality, locomotion, midgut damage and oxidative/apoptotic responses; do not extrapolate these endpoints to human health or honey contamination.
Evidence Fitness: EF-3 for qualitative secondary ecotoxicology and source discovery. Retrieve the cited copper study before species-specific quantitative interpretation.
Wiki pages this source may touch
Verification notes
Novel bee-laboratory-diet and ecotoxicology-review matrices prevent food occurrence admission. Table 1 and the Bernardes reference identifyPartamona helleri, whilep 7 misattributes copper findings toScaptotrigona bipunctata. Table/reference identity governs and the conflict remains flagged. Copper sulfate formulation doses are never converted to elementalCu without salt details. Pesticide-only studies are coexposure context, not heavy-metal observations; digestive-tissue injury is not a microbiome measurement.
The preserved Library PDF is identified by RPHMI_20; SHA-256 c2ba739d9b4ea779c65efb59e66e397e56a51a1d34ed352856d02e5e087b835a. The byline, year and publication were verified in the PDF. DOI provenance and any publication-date differences are described above. Original access location: https://scientificelectronicarchives.org/index.php/SEA/article/download/2200/2190. Source-specific numeric observations, context dispositions, row-fit decisions and remaining gaps are preserved in the structured evidence record. No source value was converted across product, soil, water or experimental matrices during ingest.
Update history
No substantive edit history is available in this build. The full commit record is available in git.