Genotoxic and Hematological Effects Associated with Chronic

Overview

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Key numbers

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• fold in exposed fish, representing a body accumulation rate of 41%. No variation in growth performance or feeding habits was
• world, accounting for around 50% of the fish consumed becomes available to the biota in general through methylation
• achieving in 2022 an increase of 29.05% in production safety limit established by the World Health Organization
• most produced species (99.38% of the total volume); however, decrease in the daily consumption rate for these spe-
• Table 1. Effects of Methylmercury (0.5 mg kg−1) in the Diet for 28 days of Exposure on Growth Performance Variables of
• W (t0) W (t28) GW (g) DWG (g dia−1) WG % SGR FCR
• the general health of aquatic organisms, allowing the 0.06; 0.76 p > 0.05, respectively) (Table 1).
• weight gain percent (WG %), specific growth rate (SGR) and significantly throughout the exposure (KW: 49.67 p < 0.001).
• (A) RBC (cell 106 μL−1), (B) Hct (%), (C) Hgb (g dL−1), (D) MCV (fL), (E) MCH (pg), (F) MCHC (g dL−1).
• in the frequency of the following biomarkers: MN %, Bud %, Bl of food enriched with MeHg (0.5 mg kg−1) over 28 days. First,
• % and Not % (Table 2). the linear regression test was performed to determine the
• was smaller than the CG, except on day 21, when the increase presented a moderately strong negative association (Table 3).
• Table 2. Frequency of Micronuclei (MN) and Erythrocyte Nuclear Abnormalities (ENA) in Erythrocytes of Juvenile Tilapia
• Table 3. Associations between THg Concentration in Blood and the Different Biomarkers Evaluated
• well as between Erb and WBC; Hct was related to RBC and % fish, piscivorous or not) (UNEP; WHO, 2008), the possible
• between Trb and MN, Bud %, Bl %, and Not % (Tab. S2). additive effects due to bioaccumulation and/or biomagnifica-
• 78.36% of the data variability; the first component presents the the fish.19,39−41 In this study, the growth of tilapia juveniles was
• largest variation, explaining 41.76% including positive not affected after 28 days of exposure to a diet supplemented
• variation of 36.60%. In Figure 5 (Table S3) it can be detailed obtained in juvenile of Stizostedion vitreum exposed for 6
• samples. The body accumulation rate of 41% observed in blood cells can manifest as plasma membrane instability,
• the different concentrations tested of 68 and 88% after 6 anemia, increased changes in cellular and nuclear morphology,
• accumulation of 83% in Atlantic salmon exposed for 4 months, death.19,27,48,50 The hematological biomarkers evaluated in this
• slow, taking 27 days for 95% transfer, while for peripheral However, even in the absence of significant differences
• organs it lasts around 48 days.42 In Ictalurus punctatus, MeHg between the groups, the mean RBC was always higher in the
• hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin ingestion of food contaminated with MeHg (0.5 mg kg−1).
• positive compensatory response in the repair of damage was integrity64−66 (Tables 3, S5, Figure 5, Table S6).
• (CH3HgCl2), according to procedures adapted from Alam et WG % = ((final weight initial weight)/initial weight)
• quantities corresponding to daily doses equivalent to 2% of the atomic absorption spectrophotometry using the DMA-80
• experimental groups (n = 10/group, weight: 15.57 ± 5.06 g,
• CT: 9.99 ± 1.06 cm); the exposed group (EG) received food acumulation = (Hg E Hg BK /Hg F) × 100
• food, at the same daily dosage equivalent to 2% of body mass THg consumed by fish over time (28 days).38
• every 2 days 50% of the water volume was replaced19,39−41 processed on the same day of blood collection using an
• ized and immediately submitted for extraction of blood and diluting in a physiologic solution (0.65%) with a Neubauer’s
• (Figure S3). Approximately 0.5 g of white muscle was removed leucocyte ratio.53 The hematocrit (Hct %) was obtained by the
• the beginning of the experiment until the end of the study (28 as follows MCH = Hgb × 10/RBC. Mean corpuscular
• phosphate buffer pH 6.8 for 11 min, then washed with running measurements (x-mean)/SD and thus be able to graph the
• way ANOVA (blood Hg, WG, DWG, WG %, SGR, FCR, Hct, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), 68040-

Methods (brief)

• ENA were recorded at t0 and t28. In the samples collected at t0, Linear Regression. In order to understand the magnitude
• samples. The body accumulation rate of 41% observed in blood cells can manifest as plasma membrane instability,
• Friedmann et al. (1996)38 observed body accumulation rates at operoxidation, variation in hematimetric indices, presence of
• stress associated with the blood sample collection proce-
• (h). A sample of the impregnated food grains was examined recommended by the United States Environmental Protection
• with a Direct Mercury Analyzer DMA-80 to quantify the Agency (EPA) was used to determine Total Hg (THg), which
• tration in food was calculated with the desired exposure without sample preparation. The tissue samples were
• quantities corresponding to daily doses equivalent to 2% of the atomic absorption spectrophotometry using the DMA-80
• stored in airtight bags and kept in the freezer at −20 °C. limit is 0.0015 ng.67 Part of blood samples (0.05−0.10 g)
• The test organisms, 20 healthy juvenile tilapias (Oreochromis collected throughout the experiment every 7 days were
• The fish acclimated to laboratory conditions for 15 days, with a tissue samples (0.10−0.30 g) were analyzed at the end of the
• 28 days in glass aquariums with a capacity of 20 L with a sampled weekly according to times (t0, t7, t14, t21, t28 days),
• density of 5 fish per aquarium in an approximate ratio of 1 g of between 0.2 and 0.3 mL of blood was collected from a caudal
• Brasil - (PAEC OEA-CGUB #001/2020) and received Detection in Benthic and Pelagic Fish Collected from Western Sicily
• (38) Friedmann, A. S.; Watzin, M. C.; Brinck-Johnsen, T.; Leiter, J. Evolution into a More Comprehensive Method to Measure
• micronúcleos em eritrócitos periféricos de mandi-amarelo (Pimelodus
• Sarac, I.; Aaseth, J.; Bjørklund, G. Sulfhydryl Groups as Targets of
• Direct Mercury Analysis (DMA). Microchem. J. 2015, 121, 237−243.

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Mercury
• Mercury

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Update history

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