Brown marine macroalgae as natural cation exchangers for toxic metal removal from industrial wastewaters: A review

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the Heavy Metal Index raw corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable analyte and product scope, and the exact extracted numeric lines that justify that scope, for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Author, year, and title are taken from the Crossref record for the DOI, not scraped from the PDF text.

Key numbers

Each analyte named in metals: is listed below with the measurement-bearing lines that caused it to be asserted. Lines are copied from the verified extraction and retain the source units and wording where legible. An analyte with no lines here would not appear in the frontmatter.

Cd

• the most important sources of biomass in the world. This is because contact with 150 mg/L of cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper and lead. The
• and the cadmium uptake decreased 74% at pH = 2.5 and 63% at affinity constant at each binding site i); CH is the protons concentration

Ni

• the most important sources of biomass in the world. This is because contact with 150 mg/L of cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper and lead. The
• Fig. 19. Distribution of (a) trivalent chromium, (b) copper, (c) iron, (d) nickel and (e) zinc species present in solution as a function of the chloride concentration
• Fig. 21. Distribution of (a) trivalent chromium, (b) copper, (c) iron, (d) nickel and (e) zinc species present in solution as a function of the sulphate concentration

Cr

• Fig. 19. Distribution of (a) trivalent chromium, (b) copper, (c) iron, (d) nickel and (e) zinc species present in solution as a function of the chloride concentration
• Fig. 20. Distribution of (a) trivalent chromium and (b) iron species present in solution as a function of the phosphate concentration (pPO43− or log(PO43−))
• Fig. 21. Distribution of (a) trivalent chromium, (b) copper, (c) iron, (d) nickel and (e) zinc species present in solution as a function of the sulphate concentration

Methods (brief)

• a higher selectivity for the divalent ions than those ones richer in man- biomass digestion (Girardi et al., 2014), potentiometric titration (Vilar
• by ionotropic gelation of alginate, a cross-linking process formed by in- 4.4.1.1. Sum of light metals obtained after biomass digestion. As
• series of alginate by divalent cations follows the order: Pb2+ > Cu2+ > the biomass digestion of the brown marine macroalgae at 140 °C for 2 h,
• (Haug, 1961). Besides that, the carboxyl groups are recognised for their cations in raw and ionic form biomass obtained from digestion,
• Determined from biomass digestion.
• mass digestion, providing important information regarding the dis- recalculated by the model proposed by Vilar et al. (2009) and adapted
• can be determined usually by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) biomass), V is the volume of the solution (L), m is the added algae dry
• spectively. Lodeiro et al. (2006) maintained a fixed-bed column packed generant solution at pH 8.0. Using the same regenerant solution in the
• (Lodeiro et al., 2006)
• similarity between the affinity values obtained. In this sense, in a present on the algae surface after digestion and by using potentio-
• Sci. Technol. 5, 203–210. Hackbarth, F.V., Maass, D., de Souza, A.A.U., Vilar, V.J.P., de Souza, S.M.A.G.U., 2016.
• Lodeiro, P., Herrero, R., Sastre de Vicente, M.E., 2006. Batch desorption studies and O’Connell, D.W., Birkinshaw, C., O’Dwyer, T.F., 2008. Heavy metal adsorbents prepared
• modified (Eriobotrya japonica) loquat bark. J. Saudi Chem. Society 18, 379–386. industry. J. Hazard Mater. 143, 396–408.

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
• Cadmium
• Nickel
• Chromium

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Provenance: first author and publication year resolved from Crossref for DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.086. PDFs whose DOI does not resolve are skipped, not given a fallback key.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run twice and the extraction hashes compared before the page was written.
• Analyte scope: each metal is asserted only where its spelled-out name appears on a line carrying a measurement. Element symbols alone never assert an analyte.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs whose numeric lines appear brand-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.