Overview
Mahdi et al. measured iron, zinc, copper, cadmium, lead, and aluminium in meat cooked using different utensil materials. The paper is useful for both meat and cookware pages because it reports utensil-specific metal concentrations in the cooked food matrix. Copper utensils increased iron and copper, aluminium utensils increased zinc and aluminium, Teflon and aluminium had higher cadmium, and iron utensils had the highest lead.
Key numbers
| Finding | Source-reported value |
|---|---|
| Utensils | Clay, iron, copper, aluminium, Tefal/Teflon, glass/Pyrex |
| Iron | Copper utensil 0.7 ppm; aluminium utensil 0.5 ppm; clay 0.02 ppm; Teflon 0.08 ppm; glass 0.09 ppm |
| Zinc | Aluminium 0.26 ppm; copper 0.18 ppm; clay 0.01 ppm; iron 0.012 ppm; Teflon 0.03 ppm; glass 0.05 ppm |
| Copper | Copper utensil 0.60 ppm; Teflon 0.30 ppm; clay 0.01 ppm; iron 0.11 ppm; aluminium 0.20 ppm; glass 0.10 ppm |
| Cadmium | Teflon 0.4 ppm; aluminium 0.20 ppm; clay 0.03 ppm; iron 0.005 ppm; copper 0.06 ppm; glass 0.02 ppm |
| Lead | Iron 1.0 ppm; glass 0.90 ppm; copper 0.70 ppm; aluminium 0.60 ppm; other plotted values visible in figure but not fully text-extracted |
| Aluminium | Aluminium utensil 2.0 ppm; clay 0.007 ppm; iron 0.09 ppm; copper 0.60 ppm; Teflon 0.30 ppm; glass 0.40 ppm |
Methods (brief)
The authors purchased meat in Tikrit, cut it into approximately 2 cm pieces, cooked it with different utensil materials, and measured heavy metals by atomic absorption. The paper reports values in ppm in cooked meat.
The study does not provide brand-level cookware or meat-origin detail in the accessible text. Values are therefore routed at the broad cooked-meat and utensil-material level.
Implications
For product-category pages, this paper supports utensil-material differences in cooked-meat metal levels. For food pages, it contributes Iraq-specific cooked-meat occurrence values, but utensil effects and source meat contamination are not fully separable.
Related evidence
- Meat and poultry
- Game meats (venison, bison, rabbit)
- Metal utensils
- Metal and alloy cookware (cast iron, stainless steel, aluminum)
- Nonstick-coated cookware
- Lead
- Cadmium
- Aluminum
Update history
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