Keresztes and coauthors measured antimony leaching from PET into 10 brands of still and sparkling Hungarian mineral water by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Antimony in the PET was between 210 and 290 mg/kg. Still water stored less than one year averaged 0.26 ng/mL (n = 37) and sparkling water averaged 0.40 ng/mL (n = 29). Under heating, some samples reached about 2 ng/mL, while one coded brand stayed at or below 0.2 ng/mL.
Key numbers
Figures below are copied as printed. Units are not converted. Species are not merged.
| Analyte | What was reported | Value | Unit | Basis | Where |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sb | limit of detection was 0.7 pg/mL | 0.7 | pg/mL | as-sold | Section 2.3, p. 2 |
| Sb | 5 ng/mL limit value established for bottled mineral water in the European Union | 5 | ng/mL | as-sold | Introduction, p. 2 |
| Sb | The Sb concentration measured in PET package materials varied between 210 and 290 mg/kg | 210 and 290 | mg/kg | total content | Abstract, p. 1 |
| Sb | exceeded the concentration value of 2 ng/mL | 2 | ng/mL | migration | Abstract, p. 1 |
| Sb | named product water standard with 0.23 ± 0.04 µg/L certified concentration for Sb | 0.23 ± 0.04 | µg/L | as-sold | Section 2.2, p. 2 |
| Sb | recovery value amounted to 107.6 ± 5.7% | 107.6 ± 5.7% | % | as-sold | Section 2.2, p. 2 |
| Sb | mean concentration value for Sb in still mineral water having a storage time less then 1 year | 0.26 ± 0.16 | ng/mL | as-sold | Results, p. 3 |
| Sb | sparkling mineral water having a storage time less then 1 year | 0.40 ± 0.22 | ng/mL | as-sold | Results, p. 3 |
| Sb | Even after a 1-year of storage, the highest Sb concentration value measured was 0.8 ng Sb/mL | 0.8 | ng/mL | as-sold | Results, p. 3 |
| Sb | The Sb concentration in water sample A fell below the value of 0.2 ng/mL | 0.2 | ng/mL | as-sold | Results, p. 3 |
| Sb | In the case of the other two brands, the Sb concentration ranged between 0.1 and 0.65 ng/mL | 0.1 and 0.65 | ng/mL | as-sold | Results, p. 3 |
| Sb | did not reach the 1 µg/L concentration even after 3 years | 1 | µg/L | as-sold | Figure 2 narrative, p. 3 |
| Sb | lower than 0.1 ng/mL (mean: 0.075 ± 0.040) for mineral water A | 0.075 ± 0.040 | ng/mL | as-sold | Results, p. 3 |
| Sb | between 0.1 and 0.3 ng/mL for samples B and C | 0.1 | ng/mL | as-sold | Results, p. 3 |
The structured evidence record for this source holds 36 copied values. The table above is the short set.
Methods (brief)
Bottles were purchased in Hungarian supermarkets with attention to storage time. Three brands were also sampled at the bottler spring into acid cleaned polypropylene. Water was diluted fivefold and acidified. About 100 mg of PET was microwave digested. The detection limit was 0.7 pg/mL. named product certified antimony was 0.23 ± 0.04 µg/L and recovery was 107.6 ± 5.7 percent. Storage tests varied time from 10 to 950 days, temperature from 22 to 70 degrees Celsius, illumination for 116 hours, and bottle volume. The three brands used in the storage experiments are letter coded.
Evidence fitness
These data support antimony in Hungarian still and sparkling mineral water sold in PET; antimony in the PET package, 210 to 290 mg/kg; effect of bottle volume, dark storage, illumination, and elevated temperature on antimony in the water.
They do not support Sb(III) versus Sb(V) in these mineral waters; retail brand names. Three waters are letter coded; a numeric point for every bottle in Figures 1 to 6; a certification limit.
Limitations
Figures 1 through 6 are plots. Only numbers written in the text or in Table 1 were copied. The conclusions give a freshly bottled range of 0.03 to 0.1 ng/mL, while the results give one coded a coded products 0.075 ± 0.040 ng/mL and the other two coded brands as 0.1 to 0.3 ng/mL within two weeks. Both statements are retained. A three year ceiling is printed once as 1 µg/L and once as 1 ng/mL. Antimony was not speciated. Well water and glass bottled water are described as not detected, without a numeric result other than the detection limit.
Related evidence
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