The authors’ own series is 191 Turkish children patch tested with the European baseline series. Nickel sulfate and cobalt chloride were the metal allergens with positive reactions. Potassium dichromate is mentioned only in the literature review and was not among the positives they tabulated. Rates cited from other studies were withheld.
Key numbers
| Analyte | Matrix | Value | Unit | Statistic | N | Where |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ni | products in direct skin contact | 0.5 | ug/cm2/week | regulatory release limit | p.4 (printed 1074) |
Methods (brief)
Retrospective single-center review, ethics 29/01/2020 number 2020/0103. Mean age 12.2 years (range 4 to 18). Overall positive patch tests in 36 of 191 (18.8 percent), with 56 positive allergen reactions. Girls had a higher rate of any positive test (75 percent of positives versus 25 percent).
Detection and reporting: not a chemical assay
Basis: proportion of patch-tested children with a positive reaction
Evidence fitness
This source can support: prevalence of nickel and cobalt contact allergy in this Turkish pediatric clinic series; statement of the Turkish nickel-release restriction.
It cannot support: metal concentration in jewelry, cosmetics, or skin; chromium sensitization rate in this series; pooled international prevalence.
Limitations
Sensitization prevalence is not a concentration of metal in skin, products, or blood. Clinical relevance was not determined. Literature rates (North America and Europe 16 to 25 percent, other Turkish series 32 to 57 percent, nickel 23.7 percent, 14.8 to 21.5 percent, cobalt 9.5 percent and 1.6 percent, and similar) are citations and were not extracted. Organic allergens (PPD, MCI/MI, and others) were measured by the authors but are not metals and were not entered as rows. MCI/MI legal concentrations cited from European rules were withheld as non-metal.
Related evidence
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