This materials paper loads silver or bismuth nanoparticles onto silica spheres and tests antibacterial activity against six clinical bacteria and Helicobacter pylori. Both composites fully inhibited H. pylori; bismuth-coated spheres without an amine surface treatment had lower minimum inhibitory concentrations, which the authors link to greater release of bismuth ions.
Key numbers
This paper reports no numerical findings relevant to bismuth exposure.
Methods (brief)
Silica spheres were made by a modified Stober method, optionally treated with an aminosilane, then coated with nanoparticles; materials were characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ICP-OES and zeta potential, and antibacterial activity was tested by microdilution (abstract).
Evidence fitness
This is a materials or analytical chemistry paper in which bismuth is a component of an engineered material. It does not support dietary exposure or toxicity claims for bismuth, and no bismuth was measured in food, water, feed, soil or human or animal tissue.
Limitations
Antibacterial tests used engineered nanomaterials in culture media, not dietary bismuth forms or doses. No cytotoxicity to human cells was reported in the sections reviewed.
Related evidence
Update history
No substantive edit history is available in this build. The full commit record is available in git.