Overview
This paper computes excess lifetime cancer risk for children, adolescents and adults from lead and cadmium in cow milk and soya beverage brands sold in Portugal. It does not measure anything new: the concentrations are taken from the same group’s 2023 Toxics paper, which is already in the corpus. It is a risk-assessment companion, recorded as context.
Key numbers
- Five cow milk brands and three soya beverage brands exceeded an excess lifetime cancer risk of 1 × 10⁻⁴ for children (Tables 2 and 3).
- Lead contributed a mean 87.8% of the cumulative risk in cow milk and 54.9% in soya beverages (Tables 2 and 3).
- Highest cumulative risk in children: 1.75 × 10⁻⁴ for a cow milk brand (Table 2).
Methods (brief)
Chronic daily intake was computed from the earlier concentrations, Portuguese national intake survey volumes (0.267, 0.250 and 0.150 L/day) and reference body weights, multiplied by cancer slope factors of 0.28 for lead and 0.38 for cadmium, and summed across the two metals (Table 1).
Evidence Fitness
No occurrence data of its own; it reprints the concentration data of the 2023 paper, so it must not be counted as a second set of measurements. The abstract’s highest soya beverage risk (9.12 × 10⁻⁵) does not match Table 3 (2.21 × 10⁻⁴). The fat level of the cow milk is not specified, so for reduced-fat milk it is context at most.