Overview
This conference proceedings paper measured cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, chromium and calcium by AAS in fresh cow milk from dairy farms at two West Sumatra locations. Cadmium and chromium were not detected. The reported lead levels are extremely high.
Key numbers
- Lead: 13.58 ± 1.01 ppm (Lubuk Minturun) and 20.58 ± 2.02 ppm (Padang Panjang) (Table 1).
- Cadmium and chromium: ND at both locations (Table 1).
- Zinc 28.83 and 53.08 ppm; copper 1.17 and 2.17 ppm (Table 1).
Methods (brief)
Milk (5 mL or g) was digested with nitric and perchloric acids and read by AAS calibrated with 10 to 50 ppm standards. Each sample was analyzed at least three times. No detection limits, reference materials or recoveries are reported.
Evidence Fitness
This is a proceedings paper with weak QA. The number of samples is not stated. The ND footnote is ambiguous: it is defined both as “not determined” and as “below LOD”. Lead values in the tens of ppm are about a thousand times typical milk values and cannot be checked against the method, so they should be read with caution. Raw farm milk with fat level not separated is a proxy for semi-skimmed-milk and skim-milk, so those pages are not linked.