This paper optimizes a bismuth film on a gold ultramicroelectrode array for simultaneous lead and cadmium measurement in water by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Bismuth is the electrode film, chosen by the authors for lower toxicity than mercury.
Key numbers
This paper reports no numerical findings relevant to bismuth exposure.
Methods (brief)
Operating parameters were optimized with a Box-Behnken design. Reported detection limits were 5 µg/L for lead and 7 µg/L for cadmium (abstract).
Evidence fitness
This is a materials or analytical chemistry paper in which bismuth is a component of an engineered material. It does not support dietary exposure or toxicity claims for bismuth, and no bismuth was measured in food, water, feed, soil or human or animal tissue.
Limitations
Lead and cadmium results are outside the scope of this page.
Related evidence
Update history
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