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Heavy Metal Index

Bioaccessibility and health risk evaluation of heavy metals in commercial fruit juices of Pakistan using an in vitro simulated digestion model

Overview

Aziz and colleagues bought three cartons each of 12 popular mango-flavored packaged juices in Pakistan and measured eight elements, then estimated bioaccessibility with a simulated digestion. Arsenic exceeded the 0.01 mg/L value they cite in every brand, and aluminum, cadmium and lead exceeded their cited limits in some brands.

Key numbers

  • Arsenic: 0.03 to 0.21 mg/L across brands (Table 4, p. 7).
  • Lead: 0.002 to 0.05 mg/L; highest 0.05 mg/L in two brands (Table 4).
  • Cadmium: 0.001 to 0.007 mg/L, with no significant difference among brands (Table 4).

Methods (brief)

Each container was digested and analyzed separately: ICP-OES for aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc, and ICP-MS for arsenic. Results are mean ± SD (n = 3) per brand in mg/L. Detection limits and recoveries are only in a supplement that is not in the PDF.

Evidence Fitness

A small brand survey (3 containers per brand) with results per litre. The text states lead in mg/kg and says seven brands exceeded 0.03 mg/kg, which Table 4 does not support; several cadmium SDs equal their means. These are ready-to-drink packaged fruit juices, so the paper is direct evidence for fruit-juice-ready-drinks. It is a proxy for sorbet (no frozen dessert measured), which is not linked.