Toxicology Reports 16 (2026) 102229

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• Bax contributing to autophagy-associated cell death(42) (Table 1). apoptosis and modulates ATO sensitivity (61). Combined therapies,
• mechanisms. These findings support dual-targeting of mitochondria and mechanism (Table 4) (81).
• mTOR pathways in refractory epithelial ovarian cancers (Table 3) (77)
• AsV,DMAV promyelocytic acridine orange staining or the subcellular et al. (35)
• Table 1 (continued )
• Table 1 (continued )
• modestly affecting apoptosis while significantly inhibiting proliferation, Table 6.
• pathways (Table 5) (84–86). optimal therapeutic window. Tumors may resist ATO by upregulating
• (12) K. Bibha, T.M. Akhigbe, M.A. Hamed, R.E. Akhigbe, Metabolic derangement by (38) A. Guidarelli, S. Carloni, W. Balduini, M. Fiorani, O. Cantoni, Mitochondrial
• deaths as well as actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in the CHO AA8 cell line. Post. (99) A. Lau, Y. Zheng, S. Tao, H. Wang, S.A. Whitman, E. White, D.D. Zhang, Arsenic

Methods (brief)

• DMA(III) (DMA(III)), which displays potent toxicity and genotoxicity (16). Recent
• human microbiome metabolizes arsenic into trivalent methylated spe­ including DMA(III) and MMA(III), have been shown to induce oxidative
• cies, such as dimethylarsinite (DMA(III)), which are highly toxic and stress and modulate key cellular pathways, including autophagy and
• metabolized by gut bacteria to DMA III, a key signaling molecule. In susceptible cells, DMA III flips an autophagic switch, initiating a P62/Nrf2 response. This
• Trivalent methylated metabolites such as DMA(III) and MMA(III) are and is distinct from apoptosis and necrosis (28). This idea shifts the
• lent arsenic metabolites such as DMA(III) may function as an “autophagy effectiveness.
• biotransformation into reactive intermediates such as DMA(III)—can can exert either cytoprotective or cytotoxic effects (29). This review
• able activity across ovarian cancer histotypes; SKOV-3 cells demonstrate CDK inhibitors p21 and p27. KML001 (sodium meta-arsenite, NaAsO₂),
• Bone marrow samples from APL patients enhances autophagic induction in an
• AsV,DMAV promyelocytic acridine orange staining or the subcellular et al. (35)
• Childhood AML and ALL bone marrow samples levels while elevating p62 expression.
• arsenite Ramos (RA 1) - Burkitt’s (NaAsO₂) activated caspase-dependent
• (NaAsO2) cells lymphoma apoptosis.
• • Both ATO and NaAsO₂ increased LC3B
• • Beclin-1 cleavage occurred in NaAsO₂-
• KML001 (NaAsO2, Cell PC3 Prostate Prostate LC3 • KML001 triggers autophagic activity through activation of You et al.

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, predatory (tuna, swordfish, shark, king mackerel)
• Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
• Arsenic

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.