Overview
This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.
Key numbers
The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:
- operations emerging as the dominant source Factor 4 (58.8%) followed by Factor 1 (24.4%),
- been digested and filtered to a volume of 50ml with 1% HNO3 (Ishtiaq et al., 2018).
- Additionally, the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios for all PTEs ranged from 3.6 to 10. Due to their
- USEPA. The prescribed limits of elements in mg/kg are 20 for As, 0.8 for Cd, 50 for Zn, 36 for
- Cu, 100 for Cr, 85 for Pb, 0.2 for Se, and 35 mg/kg for Ni (WHO, 1996). The seasonal variation
- thermal power plant, the trend was summer (290.89±110.71 mg/kg) > winter (230.90 ± 29.19
- mg/kg) > monsoon (218.1±22.2 mg/kg), which can be attributed to continuous emissions from
- mg/kg) > summer (260.14±41.77 mg/kg) > winter (234.56±13.24 mg/kg), potentially due to
- 314.58 ± 39.33 mg/kg in the summer. A similar kind of value was also reported in one of the
- Kaudikasa, reported the highest value of As ( 417±112 mg/kg) among all the locations in India
- selected value by WHO (0.8 ppm). In the present study, the value is extremely high. High Cd
- 50.67 mg/kg in the winter (Kumari et al., 2025) season to 79.76 mg/kg in the summer season
- reported a Cd value of 21.43±12.29 mg/kg (Li et al., 2018). Cd has been linked to prostate,
- mg/kg. Another study done by Raj et al., (2019) found the Cd value 2.61 mg/kg, which was
- also very low. The countries like China Tangshan found the Cd value very low as 0.15 mg/kg
- studies. The Hg value ranges between 3.72±0.08 to 10.14-0.09 mg/kg in residential and coal
- locations surpass the permissible limit prescribed by the government, which is 3 mg/kg. This
- of India. For instance, Raj et al. (2017) showed Hg concentration of 047 mg/kg in the Jharia
- higher compared to the earlier studies. The Se value ranges from 2464.66±30.58 mg/kg in the
- is enriched in many geological materials, including carbonaceous shales (<600 mg/kg),
- phosphatic rocks (up to 300 mg/kg), and coal (<6500 mg/kg) (Bajaj et al., 2011; Fordyce, 2007;
- 001 to 2 mg/kg, with an average of 04 mg/kg. However, in seleniferous soils with unusually
- high selenium content, ranging from over 2 to 5000 mg/kg occur in many regions worldwide
- anthropogenic activities account for 50-65% of total Se emissions worldwide (Natasha et al.,
- of minerals such as CdZnSe, PbAs2O6, and UAsSe (Fig. 5) indicates the formation of stable
- significant spatial variation (p<0.05) (Table 1). However, an important seasonal effect was
- The PLI value of the study area ranges between 3.66 in the monsoon season and 5.41 in the
- PLI value was found to be PLI>1, which clearly means the study area is contaminated with
- commercial area (Table 1). In the Raniganj basin, India, near the open-cast coal mine, the PLI
- near the Ranijanj basin, the PLI value was more than 35, meaning the location is very much
- PTEs such as As, Cd, Hg, and Se found approximately 100% of their association in the
- have a 4.85 % association with F2 (carbonate bound) (Kumari et al., 2025). Also, in the summer
- season, As was associated with 3.47 % in the F1 fraction. In the speciation of Cd, all three
- seasons found maximum Cd sorption in the residual phase and below 0.5% observed in
- enrichment in more stable mineral phases (Singh, 2011). However, in the summer season, the
- 44.9% of Zn was found in the F5 phase, followed by 27.4% in the (F3) fraction. The significant
- trend of PTEs in Singrauli’s street dust was: Co (68.86%) > Pb (62.39%) > Mo (41.29%) > Zn
- (33.61%) > Mn (28.20%) >Cu (12.61%) > Ni (11.66%) > Fe (8.51%) > V (3.95%) > Cr (1.41%)
-
As (0.97%) > Cd (0.31%) (Table 2).
- PTEs such as As, Cd, Hg, and Se found approximately 100% of their association in the
- have a 4.85 % association with F2 (carbonate-bound) (Kumari et al., 2025). Also, in the
- summer season, As was associated with 3.47 % in the F1 fraction. In the speciation of Cd, all
Methods (brief)
- health risks using street dust samples collected from four different locations. Results revealed
- environmental media, including soil, water, sediment, and atmospheric samples. PMF was
- Dust samples was taken at the roadside of the sampling area in Singrauli, Madhya
- composite sample was prepared using the coning and quartering method (Maiti, 2003), with
- 100 g of street dust was collected, stored in labeled self-sealing pouches with GPS coordinates
- (Kumari et al., 2025) while summer and monsoon samples were collected during the present
- Samples of street dust were sieved by using a 63 µm nylon mesh sieve as an extra step
- samples (0.1g) in a microwave digester (Milestone Connect Ethos Easy). Inductively Coupled
- Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES; Perkin Elmer Optical 2100V) was used to
- analyze the elements (As, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Mo, V, Se, Mn, Fe, and Co) after the sample had
- human body using an in-vitro digestion test, the PBET (Ruby et al., 1996) with modifications
- deionized water (pH maintained at 1.5 using HCl). A dust specimen was collected in the street,
- ICP-OES was used to determine element concentrations.
- xij denotes the species concentration I in sample j, fkj shows the source contribution k
- to sample j, gik is the species concentration I in source k, and eij represents the residual value
- for each sample or species. In this study, four factors were chosen, and the model was run 20
- abundance in the sample and their natural occurrence in the environment, metals like Fe and
- The concentrations of the elements of the sample have to be found in the first input file
Implications
This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.
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Verification notes
- Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing
wiki/sources/pages before creation. - Full-PDF read:
pdftotext -layoutwas run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written. - Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
- Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
- HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.
Update history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.