Overview
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Key numbers
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- little attention has been given to Hg secondary emissions from approximately 0.047 km2 (Table S5). It is surrounded by landscape
- were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry on a SAGe well detector organic matter (OM, %) and carbonate (CaCO3, %) content were
- 0.75 mA for heavier elements (Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, Rb, Zr, and Pb). Each geometric mean of the selected elements at that depth. The geometric
- spectrum was individually deconvoluted to derive relative elemental mean was calculated from 12 elements: Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn,
- infrared range (4000−400 cm−1) at 0.5 cm−1 resolution, averaging 60 of linear regressions between the Hg accumulation rates and
- samples as observations. This unbiased approach avoids preselecting ship, with a mean sediment accumulation rate (SAR) of 1.68
- of the certified reference material ERM-CC141 (soil) (n = 37). 2a,b) follow trends similar to accumulation rates (Hg AR),
- mean ± SD obtained from replicate sample analysis and the number matter (OM) content in GDL sediments (10−12% LOI550)
- Supporting Information (Hg analysis section). sediments (2−3%). When Hg concentrations are normalized
- uncertainty in the accumulation rate was determined by propagating stable in sediments.38,56,57 In the case of GDL, no significant
- The Hg accumulation profile at GDL shows a notable peak preventing higher-resolution sampling (see also Figure S4).
- estimates by Zang et al.,62 who reported a 1−2% annual 1970 (Figure S4), meaning that simple dilution would produce
- similar trend to that for GDL prior to the 1970s, with the gradually increases from 0.21% in 1910 to 0.41% in 2023,
- remained stable from 1950 to 2023 and were significantly this hypothesis quantitatively, we applied a simple mass-
- higher than lake watershed OM δ13Corg(−28.2 ± 0.4‰, n = 4, balance approach to estimate the Hg contribution from a
- 28.5 ± 22.9 ng g−1 (n = 4), near geochemical background tributions. Subtracting the GDL profile from the EYC profile
- transported to the lake.73,74 The comobilization of Fe and Hg translates to 36−180 g of dissolved Hg, representing 8−43% of
- mercury from glacier melting could explain 70% of the Hg we and ecological risk. Integrating Hg speciation, DOM dynamics,
- accumulation in the Alps; likewise, the adopted 6% cryoconite nants. Systems like Grand Lake respond rapidly to
- been approximately 50% higher than that in the reference lake, Reduction of greenhouse gases slows down global warming
- that changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition tary tables (S1−S7); supplementary figures (S1−S13);
- (8) Médieu, A.; et al. Stable Tuna Mercury Concentrations since
- Aymeric Lagrange for their assistance with core sampling, the (14) Hawkings, J. R.; et al. Large subglacial source of mercury from
- Stable Isotopes Reveal the Contribution of Glacier Melting to (37) Bourgin, A. Explorations récentes en haute montagne alpestre.
- by Stable Isotopes during Retreated Glacier Chronosequence of 250 (39) Sabatier, P.; et al. Past African dust inputs in the western
- range scale: the European Alps 1900−2100. Cryosphere 2012, 6, 713− and total solar irradiance. Clim. Past 2020, 16, 283−298.
- stable isotopic compositions to isotope reference scales − a review. Effect. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 1999, 13, 857−872.
Methods (brief)
- framework were analyzed for Hg concentrations along with Sediment cores were collected in July 2023 using a 90 mm diameter
- volume of wet sediment and then weighing each sample before and Sediment accumulation rates (SAR) were estimated using the
- dry sample by the initial sample volume. To reduce variability as tracers of atmospheric nuclear weapons testing and fallout,
- low-background facility.44 The EYC23 core was sampled for these following the method of Heiri et al.48 Briefly, ca. 800 mg of sediment
- been dated based on material collected in 2022. Its chronology was sediments by measuring mass loss at high temperatures in a muffle
- established and correlated to that of GDL23-01 using XRF data, as furnace. Samples were heated at 550 °C for 4 h to estimate organic
- Sediment samples were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared approximately 1 cm for EYC. To align these data sets, the CLR
- scans per sample. The instrument was cleaned between runs, and a geochemical proxies.
- new background spectrum was recorded for every five samples.
- samples as observations. This unbiased approach avoids preselecting ship, with a mean sediment accumulation rate (SAR) of 1.68
- sediment sample. Meanwhile, loadings reflect how much of the MIR event deposits.45 When these deposits are removed, the CFCS
- spectral signal of each sample is accounted for by that each principal model estimates a SAR of 3.03 mm yr−1, reflecting higher input
- spectrum in each sample).52 the sedimentation processes in EYC23 (marked by temporal
- sediment samples were decarbonated by mild acid treatment, dried, normally graded event deposits are dated to 1970 and 1980.
- sample preparation (including decarbonation) are detailed else-
- THg concentrations were measured using a Direct Mercury Analyzer
- (DMA-80, Milestone, Italy), following the protocol described by
- All samples were analyzed in triplicate to assess the measurement concentrations are higher in GDL (191.2 ± 47.2 ng g−1) than
Implications
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Update history
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