TYPE Original Research

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

Petre Savescu 1*, Ovidiu Tita 2, Maria Magdalena Poenaru 3
Catalin Nistor 4*
Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Department D31, Institute INCESA, University of
Craiova, Craiova, Romania, 2 Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Food Industry and Environmental
Sibiu, Romania, 3 Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute INCESA, University of
Craiova, Craiova, Romania, 4 Department of Mining Engineering, Topo and Construction, University of
RECEIVED 10 January 2025 Petrosani, Petrosani, Romania
Nistor C (2025) Synergistic effects produced help combat everyday stress and ensure optimal nutritional density. This study is part
Front. Nutr. 12:1558597. foods that are promoted in the Romanian market. In this research—conducted
© 2025 Savescu, Tita, Poenaru and Nistor. processes and synergistic effects in organic carrot juices were tested. These effects
Savescu et al. 10.3389/fnut.2025.1558597
fiber while containing very few calories (only 41 Kcal per 100 grams plant substances capable of absorbing free oxygen radicals should
of carrots) and little vegetable fat (1–5). In fact, just 100 grams of exceed 5,000 ORAC units (69).
β-carotenes, and carrots are also a good source of B vitamins, vitamin decrease over time of this ORAC figure in recent years (70). Another
K, folic acid, and potassium (6–8). For example, 100 g of fresh carrot problem is related to preserving the antioxidant character after the
contains 8,285 μg of beta-carotene and 16,706 I. U. of vitamin A. Beta- processing of the raw materials (this is why it is recommended to use
the body against harmful free radicals (9–16). In the liver, carotenoids SFE) (59, 68). An important problem that needs to be resolved quickly
development (17–19). Fresh carrots are also rich in vitamin C (with a long time.
5.9 mg of vitamin C in 100 grams of carrots), representing almost 10% This article proposes improvements to working methods by
of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) (20–25). The role of developing a reagent-free method that minimizes disturbing factors,
vitamin C in the body is very well known (26–30). It acts as both an while maintaining low analysis costs and meeting all the requirements
metabolic processes (31). Fresh carrots contain significant amounts of top scientific research. The article also presents an analysis model for
B vitamins: folic acid, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine; 100 g represents 10% a type of vegetable (Romanian carrots) rich in provitamins A (alpha-
(pantothenic acid; 5.5% of the RDA), vitamin B3 (niacin; 6% of the useful antioxidant properties but are paradoxically underutilized.
RDA), vitamin B2 (riboflavin; 4% of the RDA), and fiber (32–39). All To effectively use these plant resources in the design and
catalyzing biochemical processes in the body (2). The relevant nutraceuticals), it is crucial that the raw materials used (fruits, leaves,
protective factors against oral cavity, lung, and skin cancers (40, 41). growth or ripening hormones, residues from phytosanitary
the body, is also present in carrots, with 13.2 μg of vitamin K in 100 g because organic raw materials are prohibited for use according to the
of carrots (almost 11% of the RDA) (42–44). In addition to these requirements of Reg. (EU) 848/2018 in its updated/consolidated form,
potassium, manganese, phosphorus, calcium, and copper (45). One and storage. Additionally, the raw materials used must be free from
hundred grams of carrots contain 320 mg of potassium (6.5% of the pathogenic flora or attacks by pathogenic microorganisms, which
RDA) (46, 47). This mineral is important for maintaining a good heart could cause DNA changes in the environment and health problems
carrots (7.2% of the RDA) (49). This element acts as a co-factor for a main oxidoreductase enzymes (NAD- and FMN-dependent) acting
very important redox enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD) (50). in certain antioxidant-rich plants has been analyzed. Through multiple
agricultural raw materials and during processing (51–56). They will and reduced forms of these co-enzymes can serve as markers for
(57). The use of mixed-field technologies (plasmatic, magnetic, and predominantly act after activation). For the sake of simplicity, only the
(58–60). These will oxidize first, thereby protecting the environment from Romanian carrots (Bogdan Variety).
they come from (61–64). This can help maintain a long natural shelf The antioxidants obtained by extraction from this type of carrot are
NADH+H+- or FMNH+H+-dependent oxidoreductases (65–67). type A vitamins. In addition, the activity of some NADH+H+- or
In Romania, there are more than 1,500 different types of FMNH+H+-dependent oxidoreductases in carrots can be considerably
of anthocyanins, polyphenols, vitamins, and provitamins (68). This organic systems) (10, 59). The article also highlights the kinetics of the
Savescu et al. 10.3389/fnut.2025.1558597

Methods (brief)

absorption spectrometry (AAS); analysis of the total number of obtained from the V0A variant (activated juice):
using cold vapor generating atomic absorption spectrometry • V5A—variant of juice (V0A) with a natural sweetener (sugar
(CVAAS)—according to SR EN 13805:2015; the lead and cadmium 3 g/100 mL);
content—using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SAAFL)— • V6A—variant of juice (V0A) with a natural sweetener (stevioside
hydrogen generator atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) • V7A—variant of juice (V0A) with a synthetic sweetener
Merck GmbH) used in constructing concentration scales—in order to influences the attacked samples and can increase the precision of
this was done to comply with the quality and traceability policies— 2.4 Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
microbiological testing laboratories certified to the EN ISO/IEC In the first phase, sample preparation for atomic absorption
17025:2018 Standard (File 1,” Preparing Samples for Analysis— spectrometry involved mineralization (microwave digestion).
Supplementary material 2, details”). Microwave digestion is used to prepare samples of all types (plant, soil,
All samples were analyzed in duplicate; the quantification of the food, pharmaceuticals) for elemental analysis by inductively coupled
components of the expanded uncertainty was achieved by calculating plasma (ICP), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-
the measurement uncertainty while considering the influence exerted MS), or atomic absorption (AA), which require the sample to be in
by all the equipment involved in the determination. solution form for introduction into the analyzer. Acid digestion is
The UV-WIN software runs on various Windows operating employed to break down the sample matrix, leaving the elements of
systems, providing full control over the instrument and accessories, as interest in solution and ready for analysis. CEM microwave digestion
well as data collection and processing. systems rapidly break down a wide variety of sample matrices, leaving
analyzing the antioxidant activity and antioxidant capacity of the vast each digestion cartridge, along with 6 mL of concentrated nitric acid

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

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Verification notes

Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
3171d06	2026-08-02	major	1 section added
bc84bfc	2026-08-02	major	6 sections added; narrative text revised