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Transformation Behavior of Hexavalent Chromium in a

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Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

  • anthropogenic and natural sources (Figure 1). According to (10), 68.95% of chromium con-
  • the sites affected, 56.43% had hexavalent chromium concentrations within the range of
  • 0–10 mg/L. However, at sites with naturally occurring high concentrations of hexavalent
  • chromium in groundwater, 75.00% exhibited levels below 0.2 mg/L. Wu et al. (11) collected
  • data on chromium content from 1331 soil samples, with an average value of 85.01 mg/kg,
  • range of 6.5 to 14, CrO4 2− dominates; at pH 0.7 to 6.5, HCrO4 − and Cr2 O7 2− prevail; below
  • correlations between CEC and Cr(VI) content (r = −0.69, p < 0.05), acid-extractable Cr, and
  • requires continuous application (31). In contrast, biochar possesses a stable aromatic carbon
  • to hexavalent chromium are summarized in Table 1 (47–50).
  • Table 1. Summary of tolerance and uptake capacity of selected plant species to hexavalent chromium.
  • and geological matrix properties (Table 2).
  • Table 2. The influence of various ions on hexavalent chromium and its mechanism.
  • gence (p < 0.05) in microbial composition between low-Cr(VI) (<50 µg/L) and high-Cr(VI)
  • (>50 µg/L) groundwater, with elevated diversity and richness under high Cr(VI) stress
  • table (84). This submerges Cr(VI)-contaminated soil originally located in the unsaturated
  • Immobilization of Chromium in Unsaturated Soil: Groundwater Table Fluctuations Induced by Rainfall. Chemosphere 2024, 365,
  • during Groundwater Table Fluctuations Induced by Rainfall. J. Hazard. Mater. 2021, 416, 126229. (CrossRef)
    1. Wei, Y.; Chen, Y.; Cao, X.; Xiang, M.; Huang, Y.; Li, H. A Critical Review of Groundwater Table Fluctuation: Formation, Effects on

Methods (brief)

  • chromium in groundwater, 75.00% exhibited levels below 0.2 mg/L. Wu et al. (11) collected
  • data on chromium content from 1331 soil samples, with an average value of 85.01 mg/kg,
    1. Gonçalves, R.A.; Holmberg, K.; Lindman, B. Cationic Surfactants: A Review. J. Mol. Liq. 2023, 375, 121335. (CrossRef)

Implications

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Verification notes

  • Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing the linked reference record pages before creation.
  • Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
  • Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
  • Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
  • HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

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