Sustainable Shrimp Feeding: Digestibility of Defatted

Overview

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Key numbers

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essential amino acid proﬁle (M70). Each replaced 60% of FM in experimental diets (H20 and M20, respectively) and were
chromium oxide (Cr2O3; 1%) as an inert marker. In vitro digestibility was assessed using the pH-stat method with shrimp
shrimp diets. Moreover, industrial BSFL meal appears to be a viable protein source for replacing upto 60% of FM in shrimp feed
source of proteins (50%–70%), lipids, vitamins, and minerals illucens larvae, also called BSFL, was used for this study. BSFL
can replace upto 20% of FM without any negative impact on of equivalent weight, respectively, designated as the “low-size
(21–23) even upto 100% replacement of FM (24). Insect fraction (SW) in this work, was dried separately in a pilot
for the industry while reducing the need for in vivo testing, alone or in combination, were tested in this work (Table 1).
TABLE 1: Description of the insect meals and mixes.
within the range of optimal values for several shrimp diges- ducted using a standard protein substrate (80 mg casein)
digestibility was repeatable for assays with a protein content titration was carried out during 60 min under permanent
2.3.2. Enzyme Extract. Blue shrimps (208, mean weight = evaluate the in vitro digestibility of the proteins by calculat-
a BSA (bovine serum albumin) standard range. The activity the temperature and pH studied (α = (10pH − pK)/
2.4. In Vivo Digestibility TABLE 2: Formulation of the experimental feeds.
2.4.1. Experimental Diets. Different experimental diets were Ingredients (%) Control H20 M20
tested: one control feed with 32.75% FM (with no BSFL Fish meala 32.75 13.75 13.75
meal) and two experimental feeds with a 58% FM substitu- H70 0 20 0
tion (corresponding to 20% insect meal incorporation) by M70 0 0 20
two BSFL defatted meals, either H70 or M70 (Table 2). Soybean mealb 16.25 16.25 16.25
based on the proximate composition of the ingredients. 1% Wheat glutend 8.25 8.25 8.25
Ingredients were mixed with 30% distilled water to form Dicalcium phosphate 2 2 2
Peruvian ﬁsh meal contains 61.9% crude protein.
Soybean meal (GMO free) contains 52.5% crude protein.
Wheat meal contains 13.3% crude protein.
Wheat gluten contains 76% crude protein.
Chromium(III) oxide, powder, ≥98%, Sigma-Aldrich, USA.
On Day 1, daily water renewal of 200% began and 2.4.3. Feeds and Feces Analysis. The chromium and nitrogen
ﬁxed feeding rate calculated as 4% of biomass. Feeding was were multiplied by 5.6 (47) to evaluate the protein content
ADCD ð%Þ ¼ 100 − 100 × ;
Note: Values are presented as mean Æ standard deviation (n = 3 for each meal). Signiﬁcant differences (ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis and associated post hoc
mean rank tests, p-value < 0.05) are annotated with superscript lowercase letters. H, high-size fraction of BSFL meal; H70, mix of the high-size fraction with SW
where CrD = the chromium content in the diet; CrF = the TABLE 4: In vitro digestibility of the experimental feeds (degree of
(51–58). Data were analyzed using ANOVA or Note: Values are presented as mean Æ standard deviation (n = 3 for each
data) and post hoc mean rank tests (Tukey for ANOVA and post hoc mean rank tests, p-value < 0.05) are annotated with superscript
evaluate their digestibility (Table 3). The temperatures of than the control feed. The mineral matter content of the H20
the tests were not different (mean temperature = 28.09 Æ feed was slightly lower than the control feed.
L meal (Dunn test, p-value = 0.005), however, it remains gen, and salinity) were very stable throughout the experi-
within the range of 40–80 mg of protein. The DH of the ment (mean temperature = 29.38 Æ 0.03°C, mean salinity =
L and H meals were lower from that of the SW (ANOVA, 36.98 Æ 0.01 PSU, and mean oxygen concentration = 5.92 Æ
were signiﬁcant differences between the in vitro digestibility treatments (mean survival rate = 80.00% Æ 11.55%).
of the FM compared to H70 and M70 (ANOVA; Table 3). The digestibility of the individual ingredients was not
of the tests (mean temperature = 28.08 Æ 0.04°C). The The ADCD of M20 feed was higher than the control feed
(p-value = 0.034; Table 4) the protein (ADCP) among the treatments. The digestibility

Methods (brief)

some studies found lower growth performance and digest- collected and sieved for the removal of excess substrate. They
pH was set to 8.0, the optimal pH of shrimp digestion and of Yasumaru and Lemos (42). Preliminary trials were con-
(the main digestive organ) were collected, pooled, and imme- DH ð% Þ ¼ ðVT − VB Þ × Nb × × × × 100;
et al. (41). The speciﬁc activities of these enzymes were cal- Mp = mass of protein in the sample (g);
2.3.3. The pH-Stat Method. A 8 mL component sample (con- mmol/g of each amino acid and sum up. If the amino
for 1 h, then removed and one in the afternoon was distributed analyzed using alkaline fusion with ICP-OES analysis.
as a single ration and left for 1 h and 30 min. Shrimps were fed Dry matter was determined by weighing samples before
defecate), the feces were collected by siphoning through a and Guillaume et al. (50):
in the freezer at −20°C. Feces collected from each tank were CrD
(one phase of digestion), this method is particularly suitable remains low (29, 77, 78).
digestion, and explain why the control diet exhibited the This work was funded by Innovafeed SAS (Nesle, Hauts-de-
S. O. Obadara, and I. O. Ganiyu, “Substituting Fishmeal With Protein Digestion Using Either Mammal or Fish Proteolytic
Digestion (pH-Stat) for Fish: Method Development and 115.
(47) F. Mariotti, D. Tomé, and P. P. Mirand, “Converting Nitrogen Digestibility of Emulsiﬁed Lipids Using an In Vitro Digestion
for the Isolation and Puriﬁcation of Total Lipides From “Gastro-Intestinal In Vitro Digestions of Protein Emulsions
19–25. Vitro Study on Eight Samples of Various Origin,” Aquaculture
Tidyverse,” Journal of Open Source Software 4, no. 43 (2019): Digestion and Initial Performance of Whiteleg Shrimp Using

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The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised