successful integration of the PCs with the ZrO2-cellulose matrix, facilitating efficient charge transfer

Overview

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Key numbers

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• Sigma-Aldrich. Aniline (≥ 99% purity, Aldrich) was distilled under reduced pressure and stored at 10 °C
• about 443 nm for hexavalent chromium (Cr (IV)). Meanwhile, the Copper concentration (Cu) in the filtrate was
• The XRD patterns for fixed bed photocatalysts of ZrO2@Cellulose, ZnO-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, V2O5-4%@
• ZrO2@Cellulose, Bi2S3-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, MoS2-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, and PANI-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose are
• nanosheets. Upon analyzing the XRD pattern of the MoS2-4%@ZrO2@cellulose fixed bed structure, it was
• Fig. 2. (a-e): The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) patterns of photocatalytic fixed bed for (a) MoS2-4%@ZrO2@
• Cellulose (b) Bi2S3-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose (c) ZnO 4%@ZrO2@Cellulose (d) PANI-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, (e)
• XRD pattern of Bi2S3 NSs and Bi2S3-4%@ZrO2@cellulose fiber is shown in Fig. 2b. As discussed previously,
• the Bi2S3-4%@ZrO2@cellulose fixed bed structure revealed noticeable changes in the characteristic diffraction
• a wurtzite hexagonal phase20. Upon analyzing the XRD pattern of the ZnO-4%@ZrO2@cellulose fixed bed, it
• regularity and alignment. The XRD pattern for the PANI-4%@ZrO2@cellulose fixed bed structure revealed the
• indicates the formation of crystalline V2O5 samples. The XRD pattern of the V2O5-4%@ZrO2@cellulose fixed
• Figure 3 showed FTIR spectra of photocatalytic fixed bed fibers of ZnO-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, V2O5-4%@
• ZrO2@Cellulose, Bi2S3-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, MoS2-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, PANI-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose fiber.
• Fig. 3. FTIR spectra of photocatalytic fixed bed for ZrO2@Cellulose, ZnO-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, V2O5-4%@
• ZrO2@Cellulose, Bi2S3-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, MoS2-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, and PANI-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose.
• Cellulose, (g, h) Bi2S3-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, (I, J) MoS2-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, (k, l) PANI-4%@ZrO2@
• Cellulose, EDX analysis of of (m) ZrO2@Cellulose, (n) ZnO-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, (o) V2O5-4%@ZrO2@
• Cellulose, (p) Bi2S3-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, (q) MoS2-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, (r) PANI-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose.
• 38%), Oxygen (O) (52–56%) and Zr (1.84–2.12%), representing the dominant elements that existed in fixed bed
• indicating integration of MoS2 in ZrO2/cellulose fixed bed, meanwhile, extra materials of Bi and S are presented
• Zn, N and V are detected in ZnO-4%@ZrO2@cellulose fiber, PANI-4%@ZrO2@cellulose fiber and V2O5-4%@
• incorporation of PCs forming different fixed bed photocatalyst of ZnO-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, V2O5-4%@ZrO2@
• Cellulose, Bi2S3-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, MoS2-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, and PANI-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose.
• cellulose, and PANI-4%@ZrO2@cellulose. These isotherms provide crucial insights into the surface area, pore
• fixed bed fiber (e) PANI-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose fixed bed fiber.
• 333 m².g− 1, a total pore volume of 0.255 cm³ g− 1, and a mean pore diameter of 1.72 nm. This reflects the porous
• Upon incorporating 4% Bi2S3, the surface area increases slightly to 337 m² g− 1, while the total pore volume
• PANI-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose 543 0.459 1.9 4.17–1.6
• Table 1. Surface area, textural properties, and band gaps for different fixed bed PCs.
• The incorporation of 4% ZnO results in a substantial increase in surface area to 405 m².g− 1, with a total
• composite highly suitable for catalytic applications requiring large surface areas19. The addition of 4% PANI
• ZrO2 particles. Similarly, the addition of 4% MoS2 results in a surface area reduction to 180 m² g− 1 and a total
• and n is the constant that depends on the type of optical transition (direct or indirect), where n = 2 for direct
• Upon the introduction of 4% V2O5 to the ZrO2@cellulose composite, a significant reduction in the band gap
• Fig. 6. Optical spectra for (a) ZnO-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, (b) V2O5-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, (c) Bi2S3-4%@
• ZrO2@Cellulose, (d) MoS2-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, and (e) PANI-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose fixed bed fibers.
• Fig. 7. (a) Photocatalytic removal of (Cr (VI) Conc. of 10 ppm) over different photocatalytic materials
• In contrast, the ZnO-4%@ZrO2@cellulose composite displayed a direct band gap of 4.5 eV and an indirect
• Lastly, the MoS2-4%@ZrO2@cellulose composite showed a direct band gap of 4.2 eV and an indirect band
• The performance of ZrO2 @ Cellulose and different fixed bed photocatalysts (PCs), including ZnO-4%@ZrO2@
• Cellulose, V2O5-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, Bi2S3-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, MoS2-4%@ZrO2@Cellulose, and PANI-

Methods (brief)

• in the formation of a red-colored suspension. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, thoroughly
• below 400 nm, allowing only visible and near-infrared light to reach the sample. The light intensity at the
• sample position was calibrated using a certified reference photodiode and was maintained at 100 mW/cm²,
• At a certain time, interval, 3 mL of the reaction mixture was collected. The concentration of the simulated
• measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (Agilent ICP-OES 5100, Australia),
• the total addition amount of the adsorbent sample (g), and V is the volume of simulated waste solution (L). The
• indicates the formation of crystalline V2O5 samples. The XRD pattern of the V2O5-4%@ZrO2@cellulose fixed
• detection of carbon and oxygen and Zr in all samples with relative atomic and weight ratio; Carbon (C) (35–
• Sample ID (m2/g) (cm3g− 1) (nm) (eV)
• solar simulator irradiation with a dose of 1 mg/mL for 2 h. In dark experiments, all prepared samples showed low
• 33. Khalafi-Nezhad, A. & Panahi, F. Size-controlled synthesis of palladium nanoparticles on a silica–cyclodextrin substrate: A novel

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Baby Sunscreen, Mineral (ZnO + TiO2)
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Arsenic
• Chromium

Verification notes

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Update history

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