in Soils Co-Contaminated with Heavy Metals and Polycyclic

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• 1 Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
• 2 School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University,
• 3 Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,
• • Correspondence: peter@hainanu.edu.cn (Z.W.); chenlian@gdaas.cn (L.C.); Tel.: +86-15751868382 (Z.W.);
• Received: 24 October 2025 recruited microbial communities contribute to pollutant detoxification through various
• Revised: 18 November 2025 mechanisms, such as biosurfactant production, enzymatic degradation, and improved
• Accepted: 28 November 2025 plant nutrient acquisition. This reciprocal interaction forms a synergistic plant-microbe
• Hydrocarbons. Toxics 2025, 13, 1044. microorganisms; phytoremediation
• Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. 1. Introduction
• Approximately 95% of global food production is derived from terrestrial ecosystems,
• licenses/by/4.0/). ing sustainable development goals and ensuring environmental security. However, soil
• sity (typically >5 g/cm3 ), toxicity, and resistance to natural degradation, HMs originate
• including mining, smelting, industrial discharge, and agricultural practices (1).
• (BaP) recognized as highly carcinogenic priority pollutants by the US EPA (2). According
• to the United Nations Global Soil Pollution Assessment Report, nearly 500 million hectares
• and function (3,4). Consequently, the effective remediation of co-contaminated soils has
• generate secondary pollution (5). In contrast, phytoremediation—particularly approaches
• functionality of the surrounding soil (6).
• through chelation, solubilization, or precipitation (7); serving as chemoattractants and
• metabolic substrates to regulate microbial community composition and activity (6); and
• optimizing the rhizosphere microenvironment to favor detoxification processes (8). This
• that is fundamental to the phytoremediation of co-contaminated soils (9). However, de-
• 2. Research Progress Domestically and Internationally
• 2.1. Comprehensive Analysis of Root Exudate Composition and Rhizosphere
• into the rhizosphere, accounting for approximately 5–30% of total photosynthetically
• fixed carbon allocated to the rhizospheric compartment (10). The release of root exudates
• shaped not only by intrinsic factors—such as plant variety (11) and growth stage (12)—but
• also by extrinsic variables, including soil physicochemical properties (13), climatic con-
• ditions (14), microbial communities (15), and nutritional status (16). Root exudates com-
• otal roles in regulating plant-microbe interactions (17). A comprehensive investigation
• environmental stresses, functioning as a pivotal adaptive strategy (18). Under heavy metal
• essential roles in intracellular metal sequestration and detoxification (19,20). Under or-
• thereby facilitating microbial degradation (21). Under saline-alkali stress, root exudates
• and rhizosphere acidification (22). Under drought conditions, plants secrete polysaccha-
• promoting microbial drought resistance (23). Under nutrient deficiency, plant secretion
• dases induced by PAHs (26). These differences suggest that the dynamic modulation of
• the dominant groups (27). The composition and abundance of rhizosphere microorganisms
• relationships (29). Certain rhizosphere microorganisms promote plant growth by facilitat-
• function as pathogens, causing various plant diseases (30). As indispensable components of
• regulating nutrient cycling, and modulating plant growth (27).
• and stress resilience (31). Specifically, under varying environmental conditions, plants
• foster a growth-favoring environment (32). Root exudates exert dual effects on rhizosphere

Methods (brief)

• • Correspondence: peter@hainanu.edu.cn (Z.W.); chenlian@gdaas.cn (L.C.); Tel.: +86-15751868382 (Z.W.);
• 46. Lapie, C.; Leglize, P.; Paris, C.; Buisson, T.; Sterckeman, T. Profiling of Main Metabolites in Root Exudates and Mucilage Collected

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Lead
• Arsenic
• Nickel
• Aluminum
• Chromium

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.