damaging effects of arsenic stress

Overview

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Key numbers

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nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs, 200 ppm) in mitigating arsenic (As, 50 µM) toxicity in Brassica juncea. The
rate by 52%, leaf nitrogen content by 33%, and phenolic content by 42%. Furthermore, there was a
decreasing by 41% and 39%, respectively, indicating reduced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation.
concentrations of up to 5 mg/kg in the Earth’s crust3 and enters ecosystems through both natural processes such
World Health Organization (WHO) has set a maximum permissible limit of 10 µg/L for As in drinking water3.
oil accounts for 40% of all agricultural commodities produced, making it one of the most abundant. Rapeseed
mg/L. Another study found that after applying 500 µl/L−1 mM of SiO2 NPs to cucumbers under salinity stress,
antioxidant activity and growth significantly enhanced22. Treatments with 40 and 60 mg/L of SiO2NPs increased
seed germination in tall wheat grass by up to 86.3% and 85.7%, respectively, while the control group only
experienced 58%. Furthermore, compared to the control, the seedling weight rose by 49%23. By boosting gaseous
Asanbonl, Jharkhand-832,102, India. In order to make required concentration (200 ppm) of SiO2 NPs, the stock
sowing. SiO2 NPs (200 ppm) was sprayed on plants when they were 25 days old. At 40 DAS, plants were collected
To determine the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA), 0.5 g leaf samples were homogenized in 10% trichloroacetic
bath before being supplemented with an equivalent amount of 0.67% 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA). Using an
homogenized in 10 mL of 3% aqueous sulfosalicylic acid and centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 15 min. The resulting
visible spectrophotometer. Following a 5-mL 1% acidic methanol homogenization process, plant leaves were
To make the reaction mixture, add 400 µL of methanol, 100 µL of aluminum chloride (10%), 100 µL of
was conducted to assess significant differences among treatment means at a significance level of P < 0.05. Post
Arsenic (50 µM) treatment significantly reduced the SL (37%), RL (49%), SFW (41%), SDW (38%), RFW (51%),
and RDW (57%) over non-treated plants (Figs. 2 A-H and 3 A-B). The addition of SiO2 NPs significantly raised
all the above growth indices by 41% (SL), 36% (RL), 48% (SFW), 40% (RFW), 46% (SDW), and 45% (RDW).
Arsenic stress caused severe damage to the leaf pigment content of Brassica juncea, as evidenced by a 57%
resulted in increases SPAD value of chlorophyll by 43% over untreated plants. In As-stressed B. juncea, SiO2 NPs
PN, gs, Ci, and E significantly affected by As stress and reduced PN, gs, Ci, and E by 44%, 41%, 55%, and 48%
The current findings represented that solely As toxicity increased the concentration of MDA (79%) and H2O2
characters that, at P ≤ 0.05 (Tukey’s test), show a significant difference between the means of the different
clear characters that, at P ≤ 0.05 (Tukey’s test), show a significant difference between the means of the different
graphs show clear characters that, at P ≤ 0.05 (Tukey’s test), show a significant difference between the means of
In B. juncea proline level significantly changed under As-stress and increased by 21% (Fig. 5G). Supplementation
(27%) was recorded in the plants treated with SiO2 NPs in As-contaminated plants (Fig. 5G).
The TSS and TFAA significantly decreased under Cd stress by 28% and 32%, respectively over non-treated
and TFAA. In the presence of SiO2 NPs, B. juncea plants responded most intensely and increased TSS (37%) and
In our results the TPC and TFC significantly decreased by 31% and 37% respectively over non-treated plants
(Fig. 6 C-D). Furthermore, foliar fertigation of SiO2 NPs significantly increased these attributes by 42% (TPC)
and 38% (TFC) compared to non-treated plants. SiO2 NPs also reduced the As-toxicity in B. juncea plants.
at P ≤ 0.05 (Tukey’s test), show a significant difference between the means of the different treatments.
NPs significantly increased the protein content by 17% over non-treated plants. SiO2 NPs also reduce the toxicity
Our study demonstrated that the nutrients including N, P, and K significantly decreased by 46%, 41%, and
38% over non-treated plants (Fig. 7 A-C). A significant increase in N, P, and K content was noted in the plants
treated with foliar application of SiO2 NPs by 33% (N), 29% (P), and 30% (K) over control ones. In As-treated
that SiO2 NPs decreased As content in plant tissues by 43% compared to plants treated with As alone (Fig. 7D).
and reducing metal-induced toxicity19–22. The application of 200 ppm of SiO2 NPs significantly alleviated the As-

Methods (brief)

Arsenic stress was given in the form of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). An experiment using a randomly selected
sowing. SiO2 NPs (200 ppm) was sprayed on plants when they were 25 days old. At 40 DAS, plants were collected
weight estimation, plant samples were initially weighed for fresh weight and then oven-dried at 70 °C for 48 h
To determine the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA), 0.5 g leaf samples were homogenized in 10% trichloroacetic
was used to detect the absorbance at 390 nm and determine the samples H2O2 level.
are combined in a 90:8:2 ratios to form the extraction mixture. In a pestle and mortar, 1 g of fresh leaf samples
The amount of flavonoids in leaf samples is ascertained using the methanolic extract27. Ten milliliters of
equivalent per gram of sample27.
were determined following acid digestion. A 0.2 g portion of oven-dried plant tissue was accurately weighed
and subjected to digestion in 10 mL of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) in a Teflon digestion vessel. The sample
was heated in a microwave digestion system until complete digestion was achieved, ensuring the complete
breakdown of organic matter. After digestion, the resulting solution was filtered through Whatman No. 42
optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES; Model 7400, Thermo Jarrell Ash, USA), calibrated with standard

Implications

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Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised