Overview
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Key numbers
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- soils through litterfall9,10, a process that contributes more than 60% of global forest ecosystems.
- traits, particularly leaf age. Additionally, data-driven approaches (Fig. 1b). The mean concentration in evergreen broadleaves
- uptake by 50–300%22,23,26. is supported by Figs. 1c, d, where broadleaves show substantially
- and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests; C3 Tropical and Subtropical Coniferous the median, box limits indicate the lower and upper quartiles, whiskers represent
- Forests; C4 Temperate Broadleaf and Mixed Forests; C5 Temperate Conifer Forests; 1.5 × the interquartile range, and points show individual observations. c, d Linear
- to optimize resource investment and enhance nutrient-use efficiency 17.5 ± 4.6 ng g–1 yr–1; K–W test, p < 0.05). Notable hotspots of foliar Hg
- the terrestrial Hg sink. To achieve this, we first harmonized multiple ranges from 10.4 to 19.6 Mg yr⁻¹ and by Au/Hg-mining-proximal
- Table 1 | Comparison of foliar Hg assimilation and vegetation Hg uptake between previous estimates and this study
- forests from 5.1 to 14.9 Mg yr⁻¹, with the large ranges reflecting the Although the spatial pattern of Hg uptake broadly resembles
- ranging from roughly 17% to 64%, while other regions show lower indirectly from litter deposition under the assumption that annual
- uptake between 0.6–2.4 % (Figure S12). These results indicate that canopy uptake equals litterfall export (see detailed comparison in
- latitudinal decline is evident, from the tropical belt towards boreal such as GEOS-Chem and CESM2-CLM5 report a wide uncertainty range
- regions (Fig. 3d), reflecting the combined influence of leaf physiology, of 320–3138 Mg yr–1 (Table 1) and rely primarily on parameterizations
- and ecological zones remain within 30% (Figure S17), indicating that stantially lower values in tropical forests (21–42 μg m–2 yr–1)25,27,28.
- listed in Table 1) are subject to two important biases. First, these the assumed linear increase of foliar Hg accumulation over time.
- in Table 1 for this study are shown only as methodological compar- green broadleaf forests with independent litterfall Hg deposition
- ductivity. The higher estimate listed in Table 1 as “this study” (1654 Mg with paired observations, the modeled foliar uptake closely matches
- The machine learning approach by Chen et al. listed in Table 1 leaf lifespan of tropical evergreen broadleaf forests. Nevertheless,
- an uncertainty range of roughly 7–23% for the foliar Hg accumulation transported Hg. This consistency reinforces the reliability of our model
- variability of 5–51% (Figure S21b). When propagated across modules, To place the modeled foliar Hg0 uptake fluxes in a broader eco-
- canopies function as a large-scale Hg sink in the global Hg cycle. were minimal (<0.2%, Figure S26). When temperature alone was
- Yet this extraordinary filtering capacity also imposes long-term modified, the overall response likewise remained small (~1%, Fig-
- responsible for 35–45% of current anthropogenic emissions, show spatial predictors to estimate global forest Hg0 uptake. The global
- and Europe contributing ~56 %, Asia ~16 % and South America and
- Africa together <15 %64. A considerable fraction of this legacy Hg has HAwood = NPPwood *Hgwood *f atm ð2Þ
- equitable global risk governance requires that both historical and Hg sequestration (HAleaf ) during the period from t 1 to t 2 can be
- restrial Hg0 budget, modified from Outridge et al., 201863, incorporating updated et al. 63 values were estimated as 30% of the mean. Abbreviation: N, non-current
-
- b–d Latitudinal Hg0 budgets showing mean anthropogenic Hg0 emissions anthropogenic Hg0. Note that this figure presents only Hg0 fluxes and does not
- where mmean = 121 j = 1 mj denotes the annual mean foliar biomass.
- HAleaf , annual = mmean ΔHgyear = AGBf leaf *ΔHgyear ð9Þ biomass ratio. However, performance was poor (R² <0.5), indicating
- from point sources; (2) provided clear sampling strategies and analy- the coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE)
Methods (brief)
- The exchange of Hg0 between the atmosphere and forest foliage is Hg0 and foliar Hg concentrations collected at the same sites. The
- Collected foliar Hg sites
- age across global forest types and ecoregions. a Global distribution of collected lands; C14: Mangroves. b Boxplot of measured foliar Hg concentration for different
- foliar Hg concentration samples across the 14 WWF (World Wildlife Fund) terres- forest types. EC Evergreen coniferous trees; DC: Deciduous coniferous trees; EB
- 1 12 dimensionality, we further assessed the sample-to-feature ratio (SFR). All
- HAleaf , annual = m *ΔHgyear ð8Þ models achieved SFR values above 50, confirming sufficient sample sizes
Implications
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Update history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.