Concentrations in Commonly Consumed Seafood Species

Overview

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Revised: 20 July 2025 marginal mean Se concentration (a 78.8 µg/100 g edible portion), significantly higher than
%TR (100%), while splendid squid exhibited the lowest (52.5%). Significant interaction
effects on %TR were also observed (p < 0.05). Fried seafood had the highest mean %TR
63 µg/L considered indicative of deficiency (9). Clinical manifestations associated with Se
a cross-sectional study conducted in Saudi Arabia reported that 41% of adult participants
indicated a median plasma Se level of 0.27 µmol/L among adults, which falls below the
children had serum Se concentrations below 60 µg/L (13). In the Thai context, it was
reported that 56% of children living with HIV had inadequate serum Se levels (14). Based
sino muscle tissue at 1.27 mg/kg, with levels in internal organs ranging from 1.10 to
1.07 to 1.20 mg/kg (16). A study in Mexico identified Se concentrations in commercially
available shrimp ranging from 0.02 to 3.8 mg/kg (17). In addition, a study in India also
and reliability of results. Suprapur nitric acid (65% HNO3 ) was obtained from Sigma-
national data on Thai food composition (22). Table 1 presents the scientific names, common
stock solutions in 2% HNO3 to generate external standards. To correct for instrumental
vials, followed by the addition of 5 mL of Suprapure 65% HNO3 . The mixture—including
In this study, the Se concentration determined for SRM 1566b was 2.11 ± 0.10 mg/kg,
compared with its certified value of 2.06 ± 0.15 mg/kg. For NMIJ 7402-a, the measured
concentration was 1.78 ± 0.05 mg/kg, relative to the certified value of 1.80 ± 0.20 mg/kg.
a Se standard was spiked into blank solutions (n = 10), and the samples were analyzed
using ICP-MS/MS. In the present study, the LOQ was determined to be 3 µg/kg, with a
recovery rate of 104.2% and an RSD of 7.3%. These values comply with established criteria
for LOQ validation as outlined in previous guidelines (25,26). The validated LOQ was
10.0 to 92.7%. When analyzed by group, the EP ranged from 42.1% to 78.9% for shrimp
and lobster in their fresh form, 10.0–31.4% for crabs, 84.1–92.7% for squids, 16.6–88.3%
for mollusks, 39.7% for horseshoe crab, and 39.5–54.0% for marine fish (Table 2). The
fresh samples (64.1–88.0 g/100 g), as presented in Table 2.
ods are presented in Table 2. The Indo-Pacific horseshoe crab exhibited the highest Se
seafood species (p < 0.05; Tables 3 and 4), with the Indo-Pacific horseshoe crab exhibiting the
highest Se concentration (estimated marginal mean: 154.1 µg per 100 g of EP), significantly
the cooking method had a significant impact on Se content (p < 0.001; Table 4), with fried
seafood showing the highest Se levels (estimated marginal mean: 78.8 µg per 100 g of EP),
ˆ TR values above 100% are shown as calculated. Potential Se contribution from frying oil has not been analyzed in this study. Results were determined for three individual samples of
each seafood species, with results reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3).
Table 3. Estimated marginal means derived from the interaction between seafood species and culinary techniques on Se content and true selenium retention.
Estimated marginal means denoted by different superscript letters within the same column represent statistically significant differences for the respective variable (p < 0.05), as
Table 4. Estimated marginal means of Se concentration and the percentage of true Se retention on the
Se true retention (100%TR) across all cooking methods. In contrast, splendid squid showed
the lowest average TR, with a value of 52.5% (Tables 3 and 4).
impact of cooking methods on %TR varies across different seafood species (p < 0.001). For
example, boiled Serrated Mud Crab (36.6%TR) and boiled ornate rock lobster (47.4%TR)
demonstrated lower %TR values compared to other boiled seafood (Table 2). Additionally,
true retention for other boiled species such as Musk Crab (65.7%TR), blue crab (61.5%TR),

Methods (brief)

Narisa Rueangsri 1 , Kunchit Judprasong 2 , Piyanut Sridonpai 2 , Nunnapus Laitip 3 , Jörg Feldmann 4
joerg.feldmann@uni-graz.at
Plasma–Triple Quadrupole–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) was used to analyze total Se
Se concentration, with fried samples reaching 193.9 µg/100 g. Se concentrations were in
K.; Sridonpai, P.; Laitip, N.; Feldmann,
exhibited low Se concentrations in toenail samples (<0.56 µg/g) (11). In Zambia, research
marine fish, utilizing ICP-MS/MS (19). Given the critical role of selenium in human health,
Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used for sample digestion due to its high purity and
(Millipore Sigma, MA, USA) was used throughout all study procedures for sample dilution
2.2. Seafood Sample Collection and Preparation
sample), a coastal province situated in eastern Thailand. All seafood samples were sub-
In brief, each sample was weighed (g) both before and after the removal of inedible
electric grill pan. Cooked samples were homogenized using a homogenizer (Ultra-Turrax
samples were ground into a fine powder using a laboratory grinder (A11 Basic Analytical
The total Se concentration in seafood samples was quantified using ICP-MS/MS
sample as an internal standard.
Sample preparation followed a modified protocol based on a previously established
method (24). Briefly, 0.5 g of each freeze-dried sample was accurately weighed into glass

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Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised