against arsenic-induced lung damage in rats

Overview

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Key numbers

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eﬀects are closely tied to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and auto- tronic absorption spectra in the 200–1000 nm range in DMF
to signaling cascades such as the MAPK pathway, with ERKs Merck and had purities ranging from 99 to 99.9%. The nitrate
involved in the apoptosis and autophagy processes may oﬀer water along with a typical rodent meal that included 17.48%
new opportunities for the treatment of lung diseases. Further- protein, 6.85% fat, 62.99% carbs, 4.08% ash, and 2.16%
sample size (n = 10) per group was determined based on
spectra were obtained in full scan range (m/z = 50–1000) under As2O3 (4 mg per kg body weight) for 4 weeks, then treated orally
elemental analysis and analytical results (Table S1) match the (DNA-Technology, Russia) using Maxima SYBR Green qPCR
metal : ligand ratio of 1 : 1 : 1 stoichiometry. and b-actin are represented in Table 1, The qPCR program was:
2.4.3. Lung tissue preparation. To prepare 10% (w/v) tissue conformations aer conducting a thorough conformational
Table 1 Primers for qRT-PCR analysis
compounds (Fig. S2). Table 2 presents the typical electronic spectral data
3.2.1. FT-IR analysis. Fig. S1 and Table S2 display the IR In the novel four complexes, the p–p* and n–p* transitions
intensity, suggesting that it did not participate in the chelation Cu(II) complexes with d9 conguration lie in the range of 1.7–2.2
carbonyl absorption frequencies, which were detected in all of conguration, exhibits meﬀ value in a range of 3.88–4.3 BM.
Table 2 Distinctive electronic transitions, magnetic moments, and the resulting complex will be a system with three unpaired
of 3max are in parentheses and multiplied by 10−4 (mol−1 cm−1). b The PTP and Cu-Ni-PTP complexes, respectively, which means that
(100% base peak), 66.07 (31%), 77.95 (16%), 135.18 (8%), 167.27
(81.34%), 102.97 (66.25%), 252.60 (54.22%), 280.59 (78.12%), complex, while Fig. S12 depicts TGA for the remaining
mass spectral data were displayed in Table S3. nated H2O molecules, followed by a weight loss of 11.01% (calc.,
charge (m/z) range of 50–1000, using a Shimadzu GC-MS- accompanied by a loss of 25.67% (calc., 24.89%). In addition,
QP2010 Ultra instrument at 70 eV. The full MS range was the third stage was noticed at (290–367 °C) due to the loss of two
fragmentation proles that reect both the thiazole–phthalimide mental mass disappearance of 17.02% (calc., 15.48%). Finally,
apparent congestion of peaks with well-resolved m/z values range of (370–475 °C) with experimental weight loss of 30.71%
reects the fragmentation of multiple subunits instead of distinct (calc. 32.95%). The nal residual weight matched copper oxide
MS/MS isolation and identication of a subunit fragment. Major and cobalt oxide (calc. 15.49%). Table S4 showed the detailed
Table S3. For clarity, this methodological comment is now in the
that formed in the range of 7.82–6.98, which matched the linity of metal complexes. All-metal complexes in the 4–70 (q)
theoretical multiplet bands that developed in the 7.90– range were analyzed at 1.54 Å. Since solid frameworks are rarely
7.31 ppm range. The interference of the various aromatic congured during the precipitation process, all X-ray diﬀraction
protons prevented the signals in this range from being resolved. curves (Fig. 2) demonstrate the somewhat amorphous nature of
Table 3 Powder XRD data for Cu-Co-PTP complex 6. Biological activity evaluation
measured values. Table 3 shows the observed and computed treated group compared to the control group (p < 0.001), sug-
Fig. 4 (A–D) Tissue biochemical parameters of Wistar rats exposed to As2O3 (4 mg per kg body weight). Data are presented as the means ± SE n
way ANOVA was used to analyze the data, and then the Tukey–Kramer multiple comparison test was used. Every value (n = 6) was shown as
mean ± SEM. a p < 0.05 in comparison to the control group; b p < 0.05 in comparison to the group that was treated with As2O3.
Table 4 Relative mRNA expression levels of BAX, ERK, Beclin1, and LC3, presented as fold-change (2−DDCT values)
and ERK by around 110% and 140% of the normal control
Co-PTP treated groups (by about 53% and 48% for As2O3-Cu-Zn-
PTP; 41% and 42% for As2O3-Cu-Ni-PTP; 37% and 35% for
chrome c, Caspase 9, and cleaved/active Caspase 3 were signif- (by approximately 67% and 49% for As2O3-Cu-Zn-PTP; 62% and
icantly downregulated during co-exposure to curcumin (2.5 mM) 44% for As2O3-Cu-Ni-PTP; 15% and 21% for As2O3-Cu-Co-PTP;
and 19% and 13% for As2O3-Cu-Ag-PTP, respectively), particu-

Methods (brief)

cellular dysfunction, and tissue damage, especially in the lungs. elemental analyses (C, H, and N). Atomic absorption was used
caspase activation leading to cell death.17 Apoptosis is also linked All the chemicals and solvents (HPLC grade) were acquired from
sample size (n = 10) per group was determined based on
As2O3 (4 mg per kg body weight) for 4 weeks, then treated orally for 15 min), the supernatant was collected and aliquoted in
the end of the experimental period, blood samples were the data, GraphPad Prism version 8 was utilized. A signicant
immediately collected from the retro-orbital venous plexus diﬀerence was considered as p < 0.05 for all tests.
atomic absorption and magnetic susceptibility. All complexes 1800 cm−1).43 This shi was ascribed to the relocation of an
Elemental analysis, atomic absorption, IR, UV-visible, and and the evaluated magnetic moment and molar conductivity
The experimental meﬀ values for Cu-Co-PTP is 4.89 BM which conrming the suggested structures was mass spectrometry.

Implications

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Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised