out extended exposure to low temperatures (Que et al. 2019). Carrot colors can be selected based on their specific pro-

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• Funding: This work was supported by Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (Grant: 202401AT070076).
• 1 | Introduction resources, and optimize processing techniques to maximize the
• popular vegetable, following potato (Que et al. 2019), carrots
• of phytochemicals, such as dietary fiber, carotenoids, anthocy- 2 | Carrot Classification and Nutritional
• for human health (Ismail et al. 2023). However, the global de- The domesticated carrot is divided into two classifications: the
• limited. The lack of advanced technologies for deep processing (var. sativus) (Swarup et al. 2023). Carrots grown in Eastern/
• © 2024 The Author(s). Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
• https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.4542
• ennial growth characteristics, and a low tendency to bolt with- pounds (Bhandari et al. 2022; Yusuf et al. 2021) (Figure 1).
• out extended exposure to low temperatures (Que et al. 2019). Carrot colors can be selected based on their specific pro-
• from wild carrots through several ranks: D. Carota var. sativus carrot-­based products (Table 1). Orange carrots are the most
• tivus (Hoffm.) Roehl (Nguyn 2015). ing a wide range of products, including carrot juice, puree,
• its germplasm resources (Howarth et al. 2015; Kasale, Malagi, Seeds, Seed Savers Exchange, Territorial Seed Company,
• and Naik 2018). Wild carrots are typically white or light yel- Botanical Interests, Select Seeds, and West Coast Seeds.
• ing to its hue (Bhandari et al. 2022). The color difference in Burpee, and Johnny’s Selected Seeds. Yellow carrots possess a
• Mishra 2022). White carrots contain very small amounts of ies such as Yellowstone, Yellowstone Hybrid, Amarillo, and
• TABLE 1 | Nutritional components and functional active substances of different kinds of carrots.
• Total Total 3-­O -­glucoside
• Classification g/100 g DM mg/100 g DM DM DM FW FW FW fresh weight) Application References
• Purple 0 g fat, 31 g 14–16 2314.2 19.07 176–224 ND 318–381 6372 Juice Valerga
• carbohydrates, et al. (2023);
• protein et al. (2021)
• Red pomace: 4.86 g — 3846 22.32 — — — 6870 juice, puree, Megali
• protein, 1.40 g crisps, jams, et al. (2020);
• carbohydrates, sauces et al. (2021)
• Normal Orange 0.2 g total 14–19 435.9 14.36 60–180 1278–3131 3260–6653 563 Juice, puree, Gajewski
• fat, 6.9 g soup, chips, et al. (2007);
• 2 g fiber, 0.7 g baby food et al. (2021);
• et al. (2024)
• soup, chips, et al. (2007);
• baby food et al. (2021)
• soups, et al. (2021)
• Note: U.S. Department of agriculture: https://​fdc.​nal.​usda.​gov/​fdc-­​app.​html#/​food-­​detai​ls/​22585​87/​nutri​ents.
• More than 10 companies are engaged in breeding Imperator
• FIGURE 2 | Carrot classification by root shape. Source: Photo the Netherlands, France, and Germany. Furthermore, some
• various Internet companies). (Figure 3).
• tinguishing characteristics not only in their physical appear- 3.1 | Minimally Processed Carrots
• a tapered end, with a length ranging from 15 to 22 cm and a due to their convenience, freshness, nutrition, and high edi-
• diameter ranging from 4–5 cm. In contrast, Chantenay carrots bility. To meet consumer demand, a new category of fresh car-
• top that taper to a smaller, rounded tip. Imperator carrots ex- becoming widespread worldwide (Finger et al. 2023). Using
• approximately 15–20 cm and a diameter of 5–6 cm. Each type abrasion, peeling, cutting, grading, weighing, and packaging,
• cooking and processing purposes. Carrot preferences differ ucts (Gastélum Estrada et al. 2020). The range of MP prod-

Methods (brief)

• extraction of temperature sensitive sample, uneven heating of the
• and volatile compounds. Samples can sample, and high equipment;
• administration. of Processing and In Vitro Digestion on Bioactive Constituents of

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
• Lead
• Aluminum

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

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