Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Arsenic Uptake, Transport,

Overview

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Key numbers

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• elements in vascular tissues (19,20). Meanwhile, the uptake of nutrient elements in rice
• accounting for70%
• 90%, arsenic
• (Table 1), laying the foundation for revealing the molecular regulation mechanism of As
• Table 1. Genes related to As uptake, transport, and redistribution in rice.
• knockout resulted in a reduction of the As(V) content in rice roots by 50–55% compared
• in Ospt8 mutants decreased by 33–57%, and their tolerance to As(V) stress increased by
• in the rice plants grown in the solution was less than 3% of the total arsenic. Moreover,
• only 10% of the 73 As(III) taken up by the root system was transported to the aboveground
• part, and only 3.3% of that percentage (i.e., 0.33% of the total uptake by the root system) was
• transported to the grains. When As(III) was supplied directly to the flag leaves, 2% to 3% of
• accounting for 86% and DMA for 14%), while reduced As (with As(III) accounting for 71%
• and AsGlu3(tris-As-glutathione) for 29%) was mainly distributed in the vacuoles of cells
• The As(V) content in the shoots of Ospt1 knockout mutants was 60% lower compared to
• process. Around 90% of As(III) and 55% of DMA were found to be transported from the
• leaves to the grains (93). It has also been reported that 100% of MMA(V), 89% of DMA(V),
• 54% of As(III), and 56% of As(V) were transported to the grains via the phloem (94). The
• silencing of OsMATE2 reduced the As content in the grains by 36.9–47.8% (58). OsPTR7
• Table 2. Arsenic detoxification-related genes in rice.
• were 20% lower than that of WT (113). Mutation of OsHAC4 led to a decrease in As(V)
• in WT, and their biomass increased by 52–58% (123). Additionally, L-glutamic acid, as a
• 17. Guillod-Magnin, R.; Brüschweiler, B.J.; Aubert, R.; Haldimann, M. Arsenic species in rice and rice-based products consumed

Methods (brief)

• • Correspondence: chenguang@gdaas.cn
• TMA(V) (trimethylarsine) < DMA(V) (dimethylarsinic acid) < MMA(V) (monomethyl-sonic
• As(V), DMA, and MMA species in different
• increasedmalondialdehyde
• species > DMA(V) > MMA(V) (38). In view of thethedifferences in chemical properties,
• Root, shoot, leaf, Transports DMA to xylem, phloem,
• reducing bacteria (SRB) play an important role in the production of DMA. Depletion of
• protein reported to be involved in the uptake and transport of MMA and DMA (47). The
• uptake rates of MMA and DMA in the Oslsi1 mutant were 80% and 49% lower, respectively,
• of MMA and DMA (47). In addition, glycerol transporters (aquaglyceroporins) at the
• plasma membrane were shown to promote DMA and MMA uptake by rice roots (75).
• and DMA, respectively (78). pH may affect the uptake of DMA and MMA through a
• balance shift between dissociation and protonation (79). The MMA and DMA dissociation
• of MMA and DMA and reduces their uptake by rice roots, indicating that MMA and DMA
• accounting for 86% and DMA for 14%), while reduced As (with As(III) accounting for 71%
• Compared with inorganic arsenic, methylated arsenic species (especially DMA) exhibit
• under the cytoplasmic pH conditions, MMA(V) and DMA(V) are kept in a favorable
• dissociated state (89). Compared with As(III), DMA has a better transport ability due to

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

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Verification notes

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Update history

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