Neurotoxicology. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2025 February 06.

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• Table V-3). FDA theorized that this decline becomes proportionately smaller down to the
• Web Table 1 in the supplemental materials provides FDA’s key theories, the theoretical basis
• fish necessary for this to occur typically exceed what is possible to consume (see Tables 1
• (through 8 years for IQ); (b) encompass a range of neurodevelopmental skills (full scale
• Tables 1 and 2 provide FDA’s estimates for full scale IQ for seven of the 47 species and
• V-8). Haddock is the exception, with a MeHg concentration that is close to the mean
• be affected if the toxicity of MeHg were 20% greater than in Tables 1 and 2. When FDA
• Table 3 contains the EC’s estimates from its primary modeling for full scale IQ for the
• consumption for women of childbearing age in the United States (FDA, 2014, table V-7).
• these outcomes would be affected if the MeHg contribution were increased by nearly 400%.
• whose ages ranged from infancy through 14 years (Williams et al., 2001; Daniels et al.,
• The remaining outcomes ranged through 14 years of age, the oldest age tested in any of the
• These domains are defined in Web Table 2 in the supplemental materials. Among other
• things, Web Table 2 describes in detail the studies that examined each domain and outcomes
• The number of statistically significant beneficial outcomes at the 5% significance level was
• As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the FDA assessment estimated that commercial fish in the
• As shown in Tables 1–3 for full scale IQ, the assessments estimated amounts for each
• that FDA assessed. In FDA’s “omega-3” model the net beneficial peaks occur over a range
• that extends beyond 20 oz/wk for some fish, with an overall mean of 12.3 oz/wk. In the
• conducted by FDA reported a median of 1.8 oz/wk (Lando et al., 2012). FDA subsequently
• calculated a population-wide median of 1.9 oz/wk with a mean of 3.7 oz/wk for women
• of childbearing age for its assessment (FDA 2014, see Table V-1). We are not aware of
• in Tables 1–3). Moreover, an underlying MeHg effect would typically cause beneficial net
• studies. Twelve studies reported maternal exposures above the RfD value of 1.2 ppm. These
• exposures ranged from 2 ppm through 18.5 ppm (Oken et al., 2005; Lederman, et al., 2008;
• compared to relatively stable levels of omega-3 fatty acids are meaningful in this regard or
• webster.com/thesaurus/at%20risk. Last accessed 12/8/2023.
• Tuna, Albacore 0.35 ppm 9 (8, 13) 2.8 (2.2, 3.7) 67 (35, 123) Above 99.9
• Halibut 0.22 ppm 9 (8, 13) 3.0 (2.4, 3.9) 95 (49, 175) Above 99.9
• Salmon 0.02 ppm 10 (8, 14) 3.2 (2.7, 4.2) 1,024 (528, 1,876) Above 99.9
• • Percentages of U.S. consumption are from Table V-1, FDA Assessment of Net Effects.
• Halibut 0.22 ppm 0.71 7 (6, 10) 3.1 (2.5, 4.0) 95 (49, 175) Above 99.9
• Salmon 0.02 ppm 1.18 4 (4, 6) 3.3 (2.7, 4.3) 1,080 (546, Above 99.9
• • Percentages of U.S. consumption are from Table V-1, FDA Assessment of Net Effects.
• • Percentages of U.S. consumption are from Table V-1, FDA Assessment of Net Effects.

Methods (brief)

• 6Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction. Imperial College, London, Chelsea and
• 21. Furlong M, Herring AH, Goldman BD, Daniels JL, Wolff MS, Engel LS, Engel SM (2018).
• 44. Normia J, Ninivirta-Joutsa K, Isolauri E, Jaaskelainen SK, Laitinen K (2019). Perinatal nutrition

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Canned seafood (with tin flag)
• Fish — marine, predatory (tuna, swordfish, shark, king mackerel)
• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Mercury
• Mercury

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.