Heavy Metals in Groundwater of Southern Italy:

Overview

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Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• about 20% of the total area; (ii) the agricultural land makes up about 75% of the total area
• 20, 169320% of the total area; (ii) the agricultural land makes up about 75% of the total3areaof 17
• were developed using a tuning solution (Ba, Bi, Ce, Co, In, Li, U 1.00 µg/L, Thermo
• 5.0, 10.0 µg/L−1 for Hg and 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, 200.0, and 500.0 µg/L−1 for V,
• 50 µg/L−1 Ge, 5 µg/L−1 Ir, 10 µg/L−1 In, and 25 µg/L−1 Y was introduced online with an
• 0.0003 mg/kg-day for As, 0.14 mg/kg-day for Al, 0.0005 mg/kg-day for Cd, 0.003 mg/
• kg-day for Cr, 0.04 mg/kg-day for Cu, 0.02 mg/kg-day for Ni, 0.0014 mg/kg-day for Pb,
• kg-day for Co, and 0.2 mg/kg-day for Ba, respectively (44). Chronic risk level scale (HQ)
• where SF is the slope coefficient. RfD and SF values are shown in Table 1 (46,47). A high
• Table 1. Standard values of RfD and SF in the study (46,47). Table 1 is recreated by the authors.
• Eigenvalue 1 criterion; amount of variation described (at least 70% to 80% of your variance
• 67.11 µg/L−1 ); the higher value of 1338 µg/L−1 was found in the study area of Caserta.
• Table 2. Minimum, Maximum, and Mean concentrations of heavy metals in groundwater samples of
• Heavy Metals (µg/L−1 ) Minimum Maximum Mean D. Lgs. 152/2006 Limits
• A high concentration was also obtained for Fe (29.79 µg/L−1 ). Although Fe is an
• sites, but the results analyzed were above the permissible limit of 200 µg/L−1 given by
• Aluminum (Al) was found to be 12.38 µg/L−1 (average concentration) in groundwater
• samples, with values lower than the permissible limit of 200 µg/L−1 . In the municipalities
• concentration (1193.00 µg/L−1 ) exceeded the permissible limit given by Legislative Decree
• showed an average concentration of 13.9 µg/L−1 . Mn in 2% of samples was found to
• exceed the permissible limit of 50 µg/L−1 Legislative Decree 152/06. High concentration
• the average concentration was 12.8 µg/L−1 ; at some sampling sites, the concentrations
• a potentially toxic element, was also found to exceed the permissible limits of 20 µg/L−1
• Ni was 263.8 µg/L−1 , and in Castelpoto, province of Benevento, where the amount of Ni
• was 33.9 µg/L−1 . In sites with higher groundwater, Ni concentrations from agricultural
• in the groundwater were lower than the legal limit of 10 µg/L−1 given by Legislative
• territory (Naples 35%, Salerno 37%, Caserta 38%, Benevento 37%, and Avellino 44%,
• remains the most stable element in ecological systems (66).
• accounts for 14% of the total total variance.
• counted for 10% of total variance.
• Table 3. Results of principal component analysis.
• components accounted for 10% of total variance.
• Table 3. Results of principal component analysis.
• 14.3 for Benevento, and 0.002 to 11.1 for Salerno, respectively. The HEI values ranged from
• 0.002, 0.002, and 0.002, respectively. For the children group, the mean HQ index values
• For the infant group, the mean HQ index values were 1.63, 0.013, 0.630, 0.115, 0.015, 0.021,
• ILCR values are between 1.0 × 10−6 and 1.0 × 10−4 , the carcinogenic risk is acceptable;
• and if ILCR values > 1.0 × 10−4 , the risk is not acceptable (74,75).
• range from 1.40 × 10−4 , 1.22 × 10−5 , and 1.34 × 10−6 , respectively; whereas for children,
• the values range from 1.02 × 10−4 , 1.31 × 10−4 , and 1.71 × 10−6 , respectively. For infants,
• the specific mean values range from 1.3 × 10−4 , 1.5 × 10−4 , and 1.04 × 10−4 , respectively.
• ranges (74). The groundwater was indicated as safe for drinking or domestic purposes, as

Methods (brief)

• ter of the Campania Plain (CP) in Southern Italy. A total of 1093 groundwater samples were obtained
• 5 m (GAR) to 200 m (PHLE). The sequence of heavy metal content in groundwater samples was
• samples were sampled are not risk zones. Moreover, health risk assessment shows that hazard
• index (HI) values for heavy metals were found to be significantly low in groundwater samples. In
• marine andmarine anddeposits
• For this study, water samples were sampled in the following aquifers with respect
• 1000 samples of groundwater were obtained from different wells in the study area in pre-
• For heavy metal analysis, water samples were filtered using Whatman filter papers and
• gated using a Thermo Scientific inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS)
• sensors (XS, Switzerland) (Table S1). Samples were located in an icebox and carefully
• 2.3. Sample Cleanup and Analysis, Instrumental Analysis and Quality Assurance and Control
• coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Q-ICP-MS), operated by QtegraTM Software (Version
• erated to 2.7 ◦ C, and skimmer cones. The working conditions of the Q-ICP-MS equipment
• ICP RF Power: 1550 W; and CeO/Ce = 0.0057. Cell gas flow was 4.8 mL/min for He.
• The Q-ICP-MS was used to estimate the concentrations of Al, Sb, Ag, As, Be, Cd,
• Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, Cu, Se, Mn, Ti, Zn, B, Ba, Mo, Sn, and V in groundwater samples.
• Each sample was evaluated in triplicate, and each was examined in triplicate by Q-ICP-MS
• is the measured metal value for the ith sample. Wi is set to 1/Si (36). According to HPI

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Arsenic
• Nickel
• Aluminum

Verification notes

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Update history

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