Heavy Metal Pollution in the Environment and Its Impact Environmental Health Insights

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• EHI0010.1177/11786302231201259Environmental Health InsightsDas et al
• on Health: Exploring Green Technology for Remediation © The Author(s) 2023
• Sumanta Das1, Kaniz Wahida Sultana1, Ashwell R Ndhlala2, DOI: 10.1177/11786302231201259
• Moupriya Mondal1 and Indrani Chandra1
• 1Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
• 2Department of Plant Production, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Green
• RECEIVED: June 16, 2023. ACCEPTED: August 29, 2023. CORRESPONDING AUTHORs: Sumanta Das, Department of Biotechnology, The
• University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India. Email: sumantad1991@
• Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa. Email: ashwell.ndhlala@ul.ac.za
• article. Bengal 713104, India. Email: ichandrabiotech@gmail.com
• based on agriculture and handicrafts into one that was domi- fumigant chemicals that pose an environmental threat.10 Heavy
• nated by industry and machine manufacturing.1,2 metal contamination is considered as one of the most critical
• Industrial Revolution commenced post-1850 and notably bol- ing entities on the planet.11 The toxic metals absorbed by plants
• stered the rural economy.3 However, this period of scientific result in chemical residues on marketable produce causing
• and technological development had concomitantly brought mutagenic reactions which result in cancer in human beings.12
• on September 27, 1962.4 The Silent Spring unveiled the mys- used in plant protection also kill or affect the reproductive
• tive impact on the environment.5 Their effects were insects, birds and earthworms.14 The prevention of heavy metal
• anthropogenic activities,6-9 resulting from the dumping of well as the remediation of damaged land are therefore
• thetic chemicals on the environment. weights within the periodic table.15,16 Typically, heavy metals
• 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without
• 2 Environmental Health Insights
• thermometers, adhesives and paints.36 Cd often originates from
• ies.37 Pb, an extremely toxic metal, commonly originates from
• substances like Pb-based paints, gasoline and mobile batteries.38
• ufacturing, and pulp processing.39 As, a naturally occurring ele-
• Figure 1. A schematic diagram illustrating the origins of heavy metal through a variety of human activities, including mining, agricul-
• eral decades.17 Heavy metals such as mercury (Hg), cadmium and their biodiversity. Heavy metals are prevalent pollutants
• due to their toxicity character, even at low concentrations.18 As Environment Agency (EEA) has set limit values for soil pol-
• a result, bioremediation is viewed as a future technique to ame- lutant levels of various heavy metals, including Hg (0.20 ppm),
• liorate the effects caused by pollution on the environment due Cd (0.44 ppm), Pb (0.48 ppm), Cr (0.20 ppm), and As
• to anthropogenic activities. This technique is suitable for reme- (0.11 ppm).41,42 According to World Health Organization
• diating contaminants and it is eco-friendly.19 Bioremediation (WHO) guidelines, the acceptable levels of heavy metal pollut-
• involves the use of living entities such as bacteria: Acinetobacter ants in drinking water are as stated: Hg—0.001 ppm,
• sp.,20 Alcaligenes odorans,21 Bacillus subtilis,22 Corynebacterium Cd—0.005 ppm, Pb—0.05 ppm, Cr—0.05 ppm, and
• propinquum,23 Microbacterium sp.,24 Pseudomonas sp., P. putida, As—0.05 ppm.43 The Food and Agriculture Organization
• P. aeruginosa,25 and Ralstonia sp.26 to deteriorate toxic sub- (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) and the WHO set maxi-
• stances from the rhizosphere as well as the atmosphere.27 It mum limits for the consumption of heavy metals, as higher
• technology where Brassica juncea,28 Helianthus annuus,29 Pteris heavy metals consumption through vegetables are as follows:
• vittate,30 Salix viminalis,31 and Solanum lycopersicum 32 plants Hg—0.05 mg/kg for all vegetables; Cd—0.2 mg/kg for leafy
• were employed and shown the ability to extract or reduce heavy vegetables, 0.3 mg/kg for root vegetables, and 0.1 mg/kg for
• metals from the soil. This review summarizes a variety of other vegetables; Pb—0.15 mg/kg for all vegetables;
• bioremediation techniques, with a focus on their efficacy in Cr—0.1 mg/kg for all vegetables, and As—0.1 mg/kg for all

Methods (brief)

• 2021;517-533. 95. Yaashikaa PR, Kumar PS, Jeevanantham S, Saravanan R. A review on bioreme-

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
• Mercury
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Lead
• Arsenic
• Nickel
• Aluminum
• Tin
• Chromium

Verification notes

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• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

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