Determination of Heavy Metal Ions in Infant Milk Powder

Overview

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Key numbers

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• and Cd(II) in the range from 1 to 60 µg L−1 and 5 to 70 µg L−1 , respectively. The limit of detection was
• in Table S1 (8–22). The screen-printed electrode (SPE) has received wide attention for its
• cost (23), which makes it suitable for on-site rapid detection compared with the traditional
• (Hangzhou, China). Sodium acetate (≥99.0%) was obtained from Acros Organics. Acetic
• acid (≥99.7%), bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (≥99.999%), lead nitrate (≥99.999%), cadmium
• nitrate tetrahydrate (≥99.997%), iron nitrate (≥98%), zinc nitrate (≥99%), D-(+)-Glucose
• (≥99.5%), D-(-)-fructose, and Sucrose (≥99.0%) were procured from Sigma Aldrich. N,N-
• Dimethylformamide (≥99.7%), glutamate (≥99.0%), and magnesium nitrate were procured
• are listed in Table S2. The pretreatment method of the milk powder samples was pro-
• H2 O2 (30 wt%) was added into 20 mL of milk to remove the reductive substances in-
• cluding vitamins. After a 15 min sonication, 5 mL of hydrochloric acid (36.5 wt%) and
• 5 mL of acetic acid (50 wt%) were added into the mixture and treated with ultrasound
• Figure 1D. Obviously, there are two peaks in the testing range,
• Moreover, the detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.10 µg L−1 for Pb(II) and 1.67 µg L−1 for
• revealed in Figure 5A, the relative standard deviations (RSD) of the peak current are 6.6%
• 10.1% for Pb(II)
• responses of the HMIs; the RSD is 4.8% for Pb(II) and 6.9% for Cd(II), respectively, indi-
• Foods 2023, 12, 730 10.1% for Pb(II) and Cd(II) (n = 5), respectively. The stability of the 8 of 12
• responses of the HMIs; the RSD is 4.8% for Pb(II) and 6.9% for Cd(II), respectively,
• responses of the HMIs; the RSD is 4.8% for Pb(II) and 6.9% for Cd(II), respectively, indicating
• Cd(II) were 115.32% and 86.78%, respectively (Table 1), and the testing results of Pb(II)
• in real samples are concluded in Table S4. The average recoveries for Pb(II) and Cd(II)
• Table 1. Recovery measurement for HMI detection in the extracted infant milk powder.
• investigated. The average recovery ratio of 115.32% for Pb(II) and 86.78% for Cd(II) was
• Cd(II). Table S1: Comparison of HMIs detection by electrochemical methods and other widely used
• techniques; Table S2: The main ingredients and nutrients of milk powder from five different brands;
• Table S3: Comparison of the detection performance of Pb(II) and Cd(II) between SPE/NPC and the
• reported methods; Table S4: Recovery measurement for the detection of single variable HMIs in extracted

Methods (brief)

• trometry (ICP-MS) (ELAN DRC-e, PekinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) as the gold standard.
• 2.4. Real Sample Preparations
• are listed in Table S2. The pretreatment method of the milk powder samples was pro-
• and sp 2 graphitic structure of the NPC samples, respectively (37).To further explore the
• 3.6. Real Samples Application
• of our method for real sample analysis. Briefly, 30 µg L−1 of Pb(II) and Cd(II) were added
• into the pre-treated solution of infant milk powder samples; then, the SPE/NPC was
• the addition of the HMIs in the five samples are shown in Figure S7. To evaluate the
• accuracy of the data obtained from our sensor, a standard method of ICP-MS was used
• in real samples are concluded in Table S4. The average recoveries for Pb(II) and Cd(II)
• operation in the real sample application.
• Sample Added ICP-MS Our Method Recovery Added ICP-MS Our Method Recovery
• linear response ranging from 1 to 60 µg L−1 and 5 to 70 µg L−1 , and satisfactory LOD of
• a promising method for the detection of HMIs in milk powder samples.
• of SPE/NPC in five infant milk powder samples before and after the addition of 30 µg L−1 Pb(II) and
• metal-contaminated soil with various sample pretreatment techniques and detection methods. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2020,
• ICPMS for Fast Analysis of Trace Heavy Metals in Biological Samples. Anal. Chem. 2017, 89, 6878–6885. (CrossRef)
• Microextraction as a Front End to Electrothermal Vaporization-ICPMS for the Analysis of Trace Metals in Cells. Anal. Chem. 2018,

Implications

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Wiki pages this source may touch

• Infant Formula Powder
• Mercury
• Cadmium

Verification notes

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• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
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Update history

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