Overview
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Key numbers
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- CrVI and “trivalent” CrIII, which are the two main stable states; et al., 2015).
- et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2021). Hence, it is important to consider wide range of climatic regions in several Asian and African
- an important nutrient for plants under abiotic and biotic stresses by 72.49 and 86.81%, respectively (Singh et al., 2022).
- and Si in chickpea tolerance and resistance to individual and/ added to 5 ml of trichloroacetic acid (0.1%, w/v) and the
- Plant Material and Growth Conditions described by Singh et al. (2021). Electrolyte leakage (EL%)
- and uniform seeds were surface sterilized using sodium EL% = ( EL1 /EL 2 ) ´ 100
- soils have been reported by Singh et al. (2020). Twelve days (3%) according to the method described by Bates et al. (1973).
- interval of 15 days. The pot experiments were arranged in a
- dry biomass of the samples was measured after drying in a WRC ( % ) = ê ú ´ 100
- were incubated in 10 ml of aqueous acetone (80%) followed were ground in potassium phosphate buffer solution (pH-6.20)
- and used to determine enzyme activities. SOD (EC 1.15.1.1) were expressed as mean ± SE (n = 5) and significant differences
- and POD (EC 1.11.1.7) activities were examined according to between mean values were identified based on the least significant
- were measured at 265 nm in 0.1 M K-phosphate buffer (pH-7.0) and shoot of the Pusa 2085 variety to 51.61 and 38.94% and
- using 1.0 unit of ascorbate oxidase (AO) as per the methods 60.06 and 51.14% in Pusa Green 112, respectively, when
- AsA obtained from the total amount of AsA present. Reduction by 25.80 and 27.57% in Pusa 2085 and 17.94 and 20.96%
- The reduced GSH content was determined by subtracting the was enhanced by 26.12 and 27.58% in Pusa 2085 and 15.52
- value of GSSG from the total GSH level. and 17.45% in Pusa Green 112, respectively, as compared
- the release of inorganic phosphate at an absorbance of 700 nm was increased by 43.12 and 37.41% and dry biomass by 42.47
- using a spectrophotometer (BRS, Brussels, Belgium). and 29.73%, respectively, in Pusa 2085, while the fresh biomass
- Detection of Nutrient Elements and Cr and 34.63% and dry biomass was 34.40 and 29.17%, respectively.
- solution was diluted to 25 ml using 2% HNO3 and then filtered.
- Murphy and Riley (1962) and Singh et al. (2020), respectively. Chromium (Cr)VI stress decreased Chl a (42.44 and 62.33%),
- Chl b (36.24 and 66.03%), total Chl (40.79 and 63.62%), and
- Statistical Analysis carotenoid (34.69 and 58.16%) contents in Pusa 2085 and
- Data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 5), and different bar letters are indicated statistically differences (p < 0.05) as tested by the least significant difference test.
- CrVI stress enhanced Chl a (13.09 and 10%), Chl b (17.43 (47.56 and 35.75%), and carotenoids (38.45 and 44.36%) in
- and 12.95%), total Chl (15.53 and 10.99%), and carotenoids Pusa 2085 and Pusa Green 112 compared to CrVI treated
- whereas Si application also enhanced Chl a (19.19 and 13.12%), Si, the negative effects of CrVI on photosynthetic pigments
- Chl b (29.19 and 23.70%), total Chl (23.94 and 16.89%), and were substantially reduced by the combined application of
- carotenoids (29.25 and 36.43%), compared to those in the NaHS + Si in plants under CrVI stress. Moreover, the results
- (48.56 and 35.76%), Chl b (44.47 and 34.76%), total Chl stress than in Pusa Green 112.
- and Proline Levels Under CrVI Toxicity and 27.57%, respectively, while the leaves were declined by
- Increasing percentages of MDA, H2O2, and EL as well as proline 25.11, 30.67, and 29.64%, respectively. Moreover, NaHS + Si
- varieties under CrVI stress (Figure 3). The NaHS treatment reduced the amounts of MDA (by 40.14 and 42.98%), H2O2
- by 22.53, 23.72 and 27.12%, respectively and leaves by 24.93, roots and leaves, respectively, in CrVI treated chickpea plants.
- 26.13 and 30.87%, respectively, in CrVI treated chickpea plants Similarly, the content of MDA in the roots and leaves of Pusa
- (Figures 3A–F). Similar results were observed in the roots Green 112 was declined by 36.15 and 38.44%, of H2O2 by
- 25.24, 32.22 and 33.97%, respectively, whereas in the leaves decline in Pusa 2085 as compared to Pusa Green 112 variety.
- of Pusa 2085, there was a decline of 27.20, 33.51 and 35.44%, Interestingly, our results showed that Pusa 2085 was overall
- contents in leaves of both chickpea plants grown during CrVI stress. Data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 5) and different bar letters are indicated statistically
- FIGURE 3 | Effect of NaHS, Si, and NaHS + Si treatments on (A, B) MDA—malondialdehyde, (C, D) H2O2—hydrogen peroxide, (E, F) EL%—electrolyte leakage,
- and (G, H) proline amount in roots and leaves of both chickpea plants grown during CrVI stress. Data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 5) and different bar letters are
Methods (brief)
- The present study examines the synergistic effects of NaHS Fresh root and leaves samples (0.5 g) were homogenized and
- College, Meerut, India. The initial chemical properties of loamy samples were homogenized using 5 ml sulfosalicylic acid solution
- after germination, a half-strength Hoagland solution was applied The homogenized samples were centrifuged at 5000 × g for
- to each pot twice with an interval of 10 days. The nutrient 10 min. The absorbance of the homogenized samples of chickpea
- (DAS), in each pot, seven seedlings were collected to measure
- dry biomass of the samples was measured after drying in a WRC ( % ) = ê ú ´ 100
- to the method reported by Arnon (1949). Leaf samples (0.5 g) To measure enzymatic activities, 0.5 g of fresh leaf samples
- the supernatant was determined using a spectrophotometer for each enzyme (Singh et al., 2022). Thereafter, the samples
- Fresh leaf samples (500 mg) were homogenized using 3 ml of (120 μM) significantly reduced the root and shoot length by
- EDTA. Thereafter, the samples were centrifuged at 1,1500 × g Pusa Green 112, respectively. Furthermore, the CrVI stress
- samples of chickpea plants based on the detailed protocol of with CrVI increased the root and shoot length by 35.68 and
- Root and leaf samples were harvested from 60 day-old chickpea
- the root and leaf samples were dried in a hot air oven at 65°C
- for 12 h, and then at 105°C for 4 h, and the dried samples were
- ground into powder. Root and leaf samples (0.5 g) were digested
- measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer-AAS (ZEEnit Effects of NaHS and Si on the
Implications
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Update history
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