Bioremediation of Heavy Metal

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• Veni Pande 1,2 , Satish Chandra Pandey 1 , Diksha Sati 1,3 , Pankaj Bhatt 4* and
• Campus, Almora, India, 2 Department of Biotechnology, Sir J C Bose Technical Campus, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, India,
• Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India, 4 Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue
• Accepted: 31 March 2022 Contamination of heavy metals (HMs) has widely spread all over the world and therefore is a
• humans, as well as the advancement of the food chain over time (Briffa et al., 2020). Several natural
• Front. Microbiol. 13:824084. 2003). Due to the growing usage of agrochemicals and inorganic fertilizers, modern agricultural
• doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.824084 methods have resulted in agricultural pollution, resulting in the ecosystem and environmental
• Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 1 May 2022 | Volume 13 | Article 824084
• destruction (Malik et al., 2017). HMs are also introduced into the depth information about the mechanism and impacts of the
• (Srivastava et al., 2016; Sharma et al., 2017) (Figure 1). Extraction
• be hazardous (Osmani et al., 2015). HMs are responsible for not activities are central in contaminating soil with HMs, e.g.,
• damaged due to the production of free radicals by the HMs the soil environment (Gupta et al., 2010; Tóth et al., 2016;
• thus increasing intracellularly the reactive oxygen species (ROS) Sharma et al., 2017). With rising amounts of HM pollution,
• levels thereby leading to oxidative stress. The failure in all of microbial viability declines. Yuan et al. (2015) showed that
• all of which can lead to the plant’s death (Wu et al., 2016). HM (2016), coal mining operations; result in a decrease in microbial
• pollution in modern agriculture has become a severe challenge biomass, abundance, and variability. Nayak et al. (2015) reported
• in most emerging and underdeveloped countries due to a variety that up to 40 and 100% fly ash amendments resulted in better
• soil contaminated with HMs entails the integration of genomes, up to 40% fly ash addition. The application of fly ash, on the other
• biology knowledge (Hemmat-Jou et al., 2018). These strategies Various types of HM toxicity and their harmful effects on soil,
• offer a new vista in biotechnology, allowing for the creation plants, and humans are presented in Table 1.
• Ahmed, 2021). HMs affect the soil microbiology and modify Processes
• and agricultural land production, among other things. Different Giller et al., 1998; Marschner and Kalbitz, 2003). Kozlov and
• microbial communities with specific metabolic capacities reside Zvereva (2015) investigated the breakdown rate of mountain
• some other assists in the formation of natural nanoparticles in Monchegorsk. During 2 years of exposure, there was a
• thus reducing HMs (Wang and Chen, 2006). Owing to their substantial reduction of 49% in the relative weight of native
• et al., 2019). The approaches and successes of biotechnological litter decomposition (Carlisle and Clements, 2005; Hogsden
• applications for environmental protection, decontamination, and Harding, 2012; Ferreira et al., 2016). In both ecological
• The advancement of biotechnological applications and test for metal toxicity (Giller et al., 1998). Carbon mineralization
• The goal of this review is to compile a list of key findings on concentration by Nwuche and Ugoji (2008). From an average
• HM contamination in modern agriculture, as well as to sketch rate of 2.51–2.56 g of C/g at the start of the trial, the rate of
• a probable research roadmap for the future. The review explored soil microbial respiration was lowered to 0.98, 1.08, and 1.61 g
• Frontiers in Microbiology | www.frontiersin.org 2 May 2022 | Volume 13 | Article 824084
• FIGURE 1 | The primary sources and effects of heavy metal exposure at various trophic levels.
• TABLE 1 | Various types of heavy metal toxicity and their harmful effects on soil, plants, and humans.
• Cd Cd2+ Destroy microbes, take up Decrease root length and Negatively affects renal Peralta-Videa et al.,
• organic material, and alter biomass, prevent function, hampers 2009; Jibril et al., 2017;
• the physical and chemical germination of seeds, and functioning of sex Vardhan et al., 2019
• Pb Pb2+ Alter soil pH, change Diminish chlorophyll Encephalopathy affects El-Kady and
• absorption ability of soil, content, reduce protein CNS, cardiovascular, Abdel-Wahhab, 2018;
• and declining fertility. content, causes shortened and circulatory systems Cai et al., 2019; Lan
• leaves and cause damage et al., 2020
• Cu Cu salts Urease activity loss, Disturbs root growth, Hampers normal Hough et al., 2004;

Methods (brief)

• a probable research roadmap for the future. The review explored soil microbial respiration was lowered to 0.98, 1.08, and 1.61 g
• Plum, L. M., Rink, L., and Haase, H. (2010). The essential toxin: impact of zinc on Shahpiri, A., and Mohammadzadeh, A. (2018). Mercury removal by engineered

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, predatory (tuna, swordfish, shark, king mackerel)
• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Lead
• Arsenic
• Nickel
• Aluminum
• Chromium

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.